The loss of a loved one is one of the most ubiquitous life experiences. There have been multiple reviews that have found adverse health outcomes for individuals experiencing spousal loss, particularly the widowhood effect that characterizes an increased risk of mortality after loss. However, there is a lack of clarity on the relationship between physiological stress and the widowhood effect. This commentary uses the literature on stress, marital quality, and attachment to explain the widowhood effect and other adverse physical health outcomes. We discuss three points: (1) the chronic nature of stress may be the source of adverse outcomes, (2) the quality and quantity of available resources may moderate the effects of stress, and (3) the level and style of attachment may explain why these outcomes may persist many years after spousal loss.

中文翻译：

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寡居效应：使用生理压力理论、婚姻质量和依恋解释失去配偶后的不利结果

失去亲人是最普遍的生活经历之一。有多项评论发现，失去配偶的个人会产生不利的健康结果，尤其是丧偶效应，这种效应会增加失去配偶后的死亡风险。然而，生理压力与守寡效应之间的关系尚不清楚。这篇评论使用关于压力、婚姻质量和依恋的文献来解释守寡效应和其他不利的身体健康结果。我们讨论三点：（1）压力的长期性质可能是不良后果的根源，（2）可用资源的质量和数量可能会减轻压力的影响，以及（3）依恋的水平和风格可以解释为什么这些结果在失去配偶后仍会持续多年。