This essay explores Gandhi’s representations of opium as indicative of the addictive nature of the colonial relationship in India. It also shows how the opium trade had an impact on Gandhi’s redefinition of food. Some submissions to the 1893–94 Royal Commission on Opium in India refer to De Quincey and reading De Quincey’s Confessions alongside Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj and Guide to Health reveals how both authors grappled with questions of dependency and selfhood in relation to modernity. I also discuss Gandhi’s representations of pleasure and opium alongside Altaf Hussain Hali’s (1837–1914), whom Gandhi admired as a reformist Urdu poet. Opium and intoxicants were a site on which colonial and postcolonial agency were both imagined and compromised in Gandhi, De Quincey and Hali.

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甘地、德昆西和哈利：鸦片的快乐与痛苦

本文探讨了甘地对鸦片的描述，以表明印度殖民关系的成瘾性。它还显示了鸦片贸易如何影响甘地对食物的重新定义。提交给 1893-94 年印度皇家鸦片委员会的一些意见书提到了德昆西，阅读德昆西的自白以及甘地的 Hind Swaraj 和健康指南揭示了两位作者如何解决与现代性相关的依赖和自我问题。我还讨论了甘地对快乐和鸦片的描绘以及阿尔塔夫·侯赛因·哈利（Altaf Hussain Hali，1837-1914 年），甘地钦佩他是一位改革派乌尔都语诗人。在甘地、德昆西和哈利，鸦片和麻醉品是殖民和后殖民机构的想象和妥协的场所。