IIn the new Jewish moshavot in Palestine (nineteenth to twentieth centuries), eucalyptus trees were used for the wood industry, to drain swamps, to give shade and block the wind, and to delineate fields in order to prevent trespassing. Rabbis dealt with two issues concerning eucalyptus trees: (A) whether they could be planted during a shmita (sabbatical year when planting is forbidden) in order to drain swamps and eradicate malaria, or to delineate lands owned by Jewish pioneers and thus prevent trespassing by Arab neighbors; and (B) the consideration of ecological regulations aimed at preventing the damage caused by the large trees and their roots to the settlers’ homes and fields. Eucalyptus trees were brought to Palestine beginning in the early 1860s. At that time attempts were made to grow eucalyptus trees from seeds sent from the botanical gardens in Victoria, Australia, to the British Consul in Jerusalem. The first seeds were probably of the Eucalyptus globulus, called ‘‘Blue Gum’’ in Australia. They were brought to Palestine under different circumstances than those commonly assumed. At first they were brought for forestation purposes and to serve as shade trees and wind breaks rather than to drain swamps. 1 In fact, however, Eucalyptus globulus proved to be unsuitable given the climate of Palestine and many attempts to acclimate it failed. A second attempt to introduce the eucalyptus in Palestine was made in the 1880s. Some E. globulus seeds were brought in 1882 and 1883 from Tasmania to the American Colony in Jerusalem, and from there they were sent to Charles (Karl) Netter at Mikve Israel. 2 A year later, Netter brought seedlings of E. camaldulensis, apparently from Algiers, and this species caught on well and served as a basis

中文翻译：

---

拉比文献中反映的 19 至 20 世纪巴勒斯坦新定居点种植桉树

I在巴勒斯坦的新犹太莫沙沃特（19 至 20 世纪），桉树被用于木材工业、排干沼泽、遮荫和挡风，以及划定田野以防止非法侵入。拉比处理了关于桉树的两个问题：(A) 是否可以在 shmita（禁止种植的安息年）种植桉树以排干沼泽和根除疟疾，或者划定犹太先驱者拥有的土地，从而防止非法侵入阿拉伯邻居；(B) 考虑旨在防止大树及其根对定居者的房屋和田地造成损害的生态法规。桉树从 1860 年代初开始被带到巴勒斯坦。当时，有人尝试用从澳大利亚维多利亚植物园寄给英国驻耶路撒冷领事的种子种植桉树。最初的种子可能是蓝桉，在澳大利亚被称为“蓝桉”。他们被带到巴勒斯坦的情况与通常认为的不同。起初，它们被带来造林目的，用作遮荫树和防风林，而不是排干沼泽。1 然而，事实上，鉴于巴勒斯坦的气候，蓝桉被证明是不合适的，许多尝试适应它的尝试都失败了。1880 年代第二次尝试将桉树引入巴勒斯坦。一些 E. globulus 种子于 1882 年和 1883 年从塔斯马尼亚州带到耶路撒冷的美国殖民地，从那里他们被送到米克韦以色列的查尔斯（卡尔）奈特。2 一年后，Netter 带来了 E. camaldulensis 的幼苗，显然来自阿尔及尔，这个物种被很好地捕获并作为基础