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Sensitivity and specificity of abstraction using gist reasoning measure in adults with traumatic brain injury
Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research Pub Date : 2016-12-01 , DOI: 10.1111/jabr.12073
Asha K. Vas 1 , Jeffrey S. Spence 2 , Benjamin Eschler 2 , Sandra B. Chapman 2
Affiliation  

Abstraction, a unique aspect of human reasoning, is affected by TBI. Lack of sensitive metrics to characterize abstraction in TBI recovery may impede detection of cognitive deficits and impact daily function. Recent findings found lower performance in abstracting meaning from complex information, referred to as gist reasoning, in adults with TBI. This study extends those findings to (a) compare abstract thinking between adults with TBI and controls on gist reasoning, similarities, and proverbs and (b) examine and compare sensitivity and specificity of abstraction measures. Participants included adults with moderate to severe chronic TBI (n = 30) and controls (n = 40), all between 25 and 55 years. ANOVA examined group differences on abstract thinking performance. A 10-fold cross-validation analysis examined sensitivity and specificity of each measure, and all possible combinations of measures. The TBI group performed significantly lower on gist reasoning and similarities. Results demonstrated higher sensitivity of gist reasoning (84.7%) as compared to similarities and proverbs. Specificity of gist reasoning (71.1%) was second highest, with proverbs multiple choice being the highest (85.2%). Combination of measures did not yield significant gains in sensitivity beyond gist reasoning alone. Gist reasoning could provide an additional diagnostic tool to detect impaired abstraction deficits in adults with chronic TBI. Furthermore, gist reasoning performance has implications to guide cognitive training.

中文翻译:

成人创伤性脑损伤使用要点推理测量抽象的敏感性和特异性

摘要是人类推理的一个独特方面,受 TBI 影响。缺乏表征 TBI 恢复抽象的敏感指标可能会阻碍认知缺陷的检测并影响日常功能。最近的研究结果发现,TBI 成人在从复杂信息中提取意义(称为要点推理)方面的表现较低。本研究将这些发现扩展到 (a) 比较 TBI 成人之间的抽象思维与对要点推理、相似性和谚语的控制,以及 (b) 检查和比较抽象措施的敏感性和特异性。参与者包括患有中度至重度慢性 TBI 的成年人 (n = 30) 和对照组 (n = 40),年龄均在 25 至 55 岁之间。ANOVA 检查了抽象思维表现的群体差异。10 倍交叉验证分析检查了每个措施的敏感性和特异性,以及所有可能的措施组合。TBI 组在要点推理和相似性方面的表现明显较低。结果表明,与相似性和谚语相比,要点推理的敏感性更高 (84.7%)。要点推理的特异性(71.1%)次之,谚语多项选择最高(85.2%)。除了单独的要点推理之外,措施的组合并没有在敏感性方面产生显着的收益。要点推理可以提供一种额外的诊断工具来检测慢性 TBI 成人的抽象障碍受损。此外,要点推理性能对指导认知训练有影响。TBI 组在要点推理和相似性方面的表现明显较低。结果表明,与相似性和谚语相比,要点推理的敏感性更高 (84.7%)。要点推理的特异性(71.1%)次之,谚语多项选择最高(85.2%)。除了单独的要点推理之外,措施的组合并没有在敏感性方面产生显着的收益。要点推理可以提供一种额外的诊断工具来检测慢性 TBI 成人的抽象障碍受损。此外,要点推理性能对指导认知训练有影响。TBI 组在要点推理和相似性方面的表现明显较低。结果表明,与相似性和谚语相比,要点推理的敏感性更高 (84.7%)。要点推理的特异性(71.1%)次之,谚语多项选择最高(85.2%)。除了单独的要点推理之外,措施的组合并没有在敏感性方面产生显着的收益。要点推理可以提供一种额外的诊断工具来检测慢性 TBI 成人的抽象障碍受损。此外,要点推理性能对指导认知训练有影响。除了单独的要点推理之外,措施的组合并没有在敏感性方面产生显着的收益。要点推理可以提供一种额外的诊断工具来检测慢性 TBI 成人的抽象障碍受损。此外,要点推理性能对指导认知训练有影响。除了单独的要点推理之外,措施的组合并没有在敏感性方面产生显着的收益。要点推理可以提供一种额外的诊断工具来检测慢性 TBI 成人的抽象障碍受损。此外,要点推理性能对指导认知训练有影响。
更新日期:2016-12-01
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