When journalists publish work based on data, they often appear to be working with secondary sources, such as leaked internal corporate communications or information derived from publicly available Internet sources. However, they are relying on a source of information that varies greatly from other secondary sources. Among the differences is the process by which the data is verified, particularly given that datasets are often very large and unprocessed. How, for example, does a journalist determine the authenticity of data such as The Paradise Papers, the largest leak in history, where more than 13.4 million files revealed the workings of the tax haven industry? The issue of authenticity is further complicated by the processes journalists use to prepare data for delivery to a wide audience. In this article, the authors describe how the model of critical reflection (Sheridan Burns, 2002, 2013) can be used to develop data literacy in first year journalism students as the first step in developing their sense of efficacy in dealing with the complexities of data journalism. Using a scenario based on a large, easily accessible dataset, the authors provide a model through which students can come to understand working with data as a core journalism skill. The model draws on Schon’s (1983) theory of reflective practice, which posits that professionals think by doing and on what Schon calls ‘the conversations we have with ourselves’.

中文翻译：

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第一件事：以数据新闻学为核心技能

当记者根据数据发布作品时，他们似乎经常使用辅助资源，例如内部公司通信泄漏或从可公开访问的Internet信息中获取信息。但是，他们所依赖的信息来源与其他次要来源相去甚远。差异之间是验证数据的过程，特别是考虑到数据集通常非常大且未经处理的情况。例如，记者如何确定诸如历史上最大的泄密事件“天堂文件”之类的数据的真实性，那里有超过1,340万个文件显示了避税天堂行业的运作方式？记者使用的准备数据以传递给广大受众的过程使真实性问题更加复杂。在本文中，这组作者描述了批判性反思模型（Sheridan Burns，2002，2013）如何被用于培养新闻专业大一学生的数据素养，这是培养他们应对数据新闻复杂性的有效性的第一步。通过使用基于大型且易于访问的数据集的场景，作者提供了一个模型，学生可以通过该模型来理解将数据作为新闻业的一项核心技能。该模型借鉴了Schon（1983）的反思性实践理论，该理论认为专业人士通过实践以及Schon所谓的“我们与自己的对话”来思考。通过使用基于大型且易于访问的数据集的场景，作者提供了一个模型，学生可以通过该模型来理解将数据作为新闻业的一项核心技能。该模型借鉴了Schon（1983）的反思性实践理论，该理论认为专业人士通过实践进行思考，并基于Schon所说的“我们与自己的对话”。通过使用基于大型且易于访问的数据集的场景，作者提供了一个模型，学生可以通过该模型来理解将数据作为新闻业的一项核心技能。该模型借鉴了Schon（1983）的反思性实践理论，该理论认为专业人士通过实践以及Schon所谓的“我们与自己的对话”来思考。