Neoliberalism is a foundational expression of 21st-century capitalism. This article advances critiques of neoliberal influences on social welfare in the United States by detailing how core neoliberal principles such as individualism, freedom of choice, rationality, self-interest, utilization of market mechanisms, and non-intervention of the state have become institutionalized in contemporary social services as (i) welfare capitalism, (ii) privatization, (iii) contract service delivery, (iv) individual savings strategies, (v) voucher systems, (vi) consumer-directed spending, and (vii) labor market activation. The authors provide an overview of capitalism and classic economic liberalism as incubators of neoliberalism and describe each mechanism and propose a framework to visualize their interrelated structure. As indicators of market sprawl, these mechanisms express and perpetuate deep market involvement in the health and human service sector. It is argued that the neoliberal institutionalization of social services is antithetical to the goals of a modern welfare system, and instead creates punitive and restrictive programs and policies. Recommended actions include critique and empirical examination of how market mechanisms influence the social services sector, specifically regarding the intermediary role of government-funded private sector service provision.

中文翻译：

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制度化新自由主义：美国的 21 世纪资本主义、市场扩张和社会政策

新自由主义是 21 世纪资本主义的基本表现。本文通过详细说明个人主义、选择自由、理性、自利、市场机制的利用和国家不干预等核心新自由主义原则如何在美国制度化，从而推进对新自由主义对美国社会福利影响的批判。当代社会服务，如 (i) 福利资本主义，(ii) 私有化，(iii) 合同服务交付，(iv) 个人储蓄策略，(v) 凭单系统，(vi) 消费者导向的支出，以及 (vii) 劳动力市场激活. 作者概述了资本主义和经典经济自由主义作为新自由主义孵化器的情况，并描述了每种机制并提出了一个框架来可视化它们的相互关联结构。作为市场扩张的指标，这些机制体现并延续了对卫生和人类服务部门的深入市场参与。有人认为，社会服务的新自由主义制度化与现代福利制度的目标背道而驰，而是创造了惩罚性和限制性的计划和政策。建议采取的行动包括对市场机制如何影响社会服务部门的批判和实证研究，特别是关于政府资助的私营部门服务提供的中介作用。