Modern methods for methane conversion to lower olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule are generalized. Multistage processing of methane into ethylene and propylene via syngas or methyl chloride and methods for direct conversion of CH₄ to ethylene are described. Direct conversion of syngas to olefins as well as indirect routes of the process via methanol or dimethyl ether are considered. Particular attention is paid to innovative methods of olefin synthesis. Recent achievements in the design of catalysts and development of new techniques for efficient implementation of oxidative coupling of methane and methanol conversion to olefins are analyzed and systematized. Advances in commercializing these processes are pointed out. Novel catalysts for Fischer – Tropsch synthesis of lower olefins from syngas and for innovative technique using oxide – zeolite hybrid catalytic systems are described. The promise of a new route to lower olefins by methane conversion via dimethyl ether is shown. Prospects for the synthesis of lower olefins via methyl chloride and using non-oxidative coupling of methane are discussed. The most efficient processes used for processing of methane to lower olefins are compared on the basis of degree of conversion of carbonaceous feed, possibility to integrate with available full-scale production, number of reaction stages and thermal load distribution.

The bibliography includes 346 references.

将甲烷转化为每分子具有 2 至 4 个碳原子的低级烯烃的现代方法已被推广。描述了通过合成气或氯甲烷将甲烷多级加工成乙烯和丙烯以及将CH ₄直接转化成乙烯的方法。合成气直接转化为烯烃以及该过程的间接路线通过考虑甲醇或二甲醚。特别关注烯烃合成的创新方法。对催化剂设计和新技术开发方面的最新成果进行了分析和系统化，以有​​效实施甲烷和甲醇氧化偶联转化为烯烃。指出了这些工艺商业化的进展。描述了用于从合成气中合成低级烯烃的费-托新型催化剂以及使用氧化物-沸石混合催化系统的创新技术。显示了通过二甲醚将甲烷转化为低级烯烃的新途径的前景。合成低级烯烃的前景讨论了氯甲烷和使用甲烷的非氧化偶联。根据含碳原料的转化程度、与可用的全面生产集成的可能性、反应阶段的数量和热负荷分布，比较了用于将甲烷加工成低级烯烃的最有效工艺。

参考书目包括 346 篇参考文献。