Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic moiety that possesses three carbon, two nitrogen, four hydrogen atoms, and two double bonds. It is also known as 1, 3-diazole. It contains two nitrogen atoms, in which one nitrogen bear a hydrogen atom, and the other is called pyrrole type nitrogen. The imidazole name was reported by Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch (1857–1935) in 1887. 1, 3-diazole is an amphoteric in nature i.e. it shows both acidic and basic properties. It is a white or colorless solid that is highly soluble in water and other polar solvents. Due to the presence of a positive charge on either of two nitrogen atom, it shows two equivalent tautomeric forms. Imidazole was first named glyoxaline because the first synthesis has been made by glyoxal and ammonia. It is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. The derivatives of 1, 3-diazole show different biological activities such as antibacterial, antimycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-allergic, antipyretic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-amoebic, antihelmintic, antifungal and ulcerogenic activities, etc. as reported in the literature. There are different examples of commercially available drugs in the market which contains 1, 3-diazole ring such as clemizole (antihistaminic agent), etonitazene (analgesic), enviroxime (antiviral), astemizole (antihistaminic agent), omeprazole, pantoprazole (antiulcer), thiabendazole (antihelmintic), nocodazole (antinematodal), metronidazole, nitroso-imidazole (bactericidal), megazol (trypanocidal), azathioprine (anti rheumatoid arthritis), dacarbazine (Hodgkin's disease), tinidazole, ornidazole (antiprotozoal and antibacterial), etc. This present review summarized some pharmacological activities and various kinds of synthetic routes for imidazole and their derived products.

中文翻译：

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含咪唑化合物的合成及治疗潜力

咪唑是具有五个碳，两个氮，四个氢原子和两个双键的五元杂环部分。它也被称为1，3-二唑。它包含两个氮原子，其中一个氮原子带有氢原子，另一个称为吡咯型氮。咪唑的名字由亚瑟·鲁道夫·汉兹（Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch，1857-1935年）于1887年报道。1，3-二唑本质上是两性的，即既显示酸性又显示碱性。它是白色或无色固体，高度溶于水和其他极性溶剂。由于在两个氮原子中的任何一个上都存在正电荷，因此它显示出两种等效的互变异构形式。咪唑首先被称为乙二醛，因为第一次合成是由乙二醛和氨气完成的。它是某些天然产物（如组氨酸，嘌呤，在不同的杂环化合物中，咪唑因其广泛的化学和生物学特性而广为人知。咪唑已成为新药开发中的重要合成子。1，3-二唑的衍生物表现出不同的生物学活性，例如抗菌，抗分枝杆菌，抗炎，抗肿瘤，抗糖尿病，抗过敏，解热，抗病毒，抗氧化剂，抗阿米巴，抗蠕虫药，抗真菌和致溃疡活性等。文献报道。市场上有包含1,3-二唑环的市售药物的不同示例，例如克立咪唑（抗组胺药），依托尼泽（镇痛药），环乙肟（抗病毒药），阿司咪唑（抗组胺药），奥美拉唑，pan托拉唑（抗溃疡），