In machine vision systems, the objectives to be detected, such as circuit boards, may be composed of many different materials and shapes, which can lead to highlights, shadows and error information in captured images under traditional uniform illumination. A lighting system that generates tailored irradiance in different regions in machine vision is needed. This paper proposes a design method for an LED lens and obtains special total-internal-reflection (TIR) lenses that generate tailored illumination, which can adapt to the reflectance and shape of a target. Differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) based on the conservation of flux are established to ensure the uniform illumination on the targets, nonlinear equations based on the edge-ray principle are employed to generate the spots with tailored shapes and the numerical solutions can be fitted into the proposed lenses. Six different tailored faculae are generated to verify the proposed method. The results show that the uniformity of tailored facula can exceed 87%, and the light efficiency can exceed 85%. In particular, the contrast of the irradiance among different regions can be adjusted by the boundary conditions; thus, the proposed method can satisfy the complex demand for machine vision and be applied to improve vision detection systems in production lines.

在机器视觉系统中，要检测的目标（例如电路板）可能由许多不同的材料和形状组成，这可能导致在传统的均匀照明下捕获的图像中出现高光，阴影和错误信息。需要一种在机器视觉的不同区域中产生定制辐照度的照明系统。本文提出了一种LED透镜的设计方法，并获得了特殊的全内反射（TIR）透镜，这些透镜可生成量身定制的照明，从而适应目标的反射率和形状。建立了基于通量守恒的微分代数方程（DAE），以确保目标上的均匀照明，基于边缘射线原理的非线性方程被用来产生具有定制形状的斑点，并且数值解可以被拟合到所提出的透镜中。生成了六个不同的量身定制的文库，以验证该方法。结果表明，定制光斑的均匀度可以超过87％，光效率可以超过85％。特别地，可以通过边界条件来调节不同区域之间的辐照度的对比度。因此，所提出的方法可以满足对机器视觉的复杂需求，并可以应用于生产线视觉检测系统的改进。边界条件可以调节不同区域之间的辐照度对比度。因此，所提出的方法可以满足对机器视觉的复杂需求，并可以应用于生产线视觉检测系统的改进。边界条件可以调节不同区域之间的辐照度对比度。因此，所提出的方法可以满足对机器视觉的复杂需求，并可以应用于生产线视觉检测系统的改进。