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On particle acceleration and transport in plasmas in the Galaxy: theory and observations
Journal of Plasma Physics ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 , DOI: 10.1017/s0022377821000064
Elena Amato , Sabrina Casanova

Accelerated particles are ubiquitous in the Cosmos and play a fundamental role in many processes governing the evolution of the Universe at all scales, from the sub-AU scale relevant for the formation and evolution of stars and planets to the Mpc scale involved in Galaxy assembly. We reveal the presence of energetic particles in many classes of astrophysical sources thanks to their production of non-thermal radiation, and we detect them directly at the Earth as cosmic rays. In the last two decades both direct and indirect observations have provided us a wealth of new, high-quality data about cosmic rays and their interactions both in sources and during propagation, in the Galaxy and in the Solar System. Some of the new data have confirmed existing theories about particle acceleration and propagation and their interplay with the environment in which they occur. Some others have brought about interesting surprises, whose interpretation is not straightforward within the standard framework and may require a change of paradigm in terms of our ideas about the origin of cosmic rays of different species or in different energy ranges. In this article, we focus on cosmic rays of galactic origin, namely with energies below a few petaelectronvolts, where a steepening is observed in the spectrum of energetic particles detected at the Earth. We review the recent observational findings and the current status of the theory about the origin and propagation of galactic cosmic rays.

中文翻译:

关于银河系等离子体中的粒子加速和传输:理论和观察

加速粒子在宇宙中无处不在,并在控制所有尺度宇宙演化的许多过程中发挥着重要作用,从与恒星和行星的形成和演化相关的亚AU尺度到涉及星系组装的Mpc尺度。由于高能粒子产生非热辐射,我们揭示了在许多类型的天体物理源中存在高能粒子,我们直接在地球上将它们作为宇宙射线检测到。在过去的二十年里,直接和间接的观测都为我们提供了大量关于宇宙射线及其在来源和传播过程中、银河系和太阳系中的相互作用的高质量新数据。一些新数据证实了关于粒子加速和传播的现有理论,以及它们与它们发生的环境的相互作用。其他一些带来了有趣的惊喜,它们的解释在标准框架内并不直截了当,可能需要改变我们对不同物种或不同能量范围宇宙射线起源的想法的范式。在本文中,我们关注来自银河系的宇宙射线,即能量低于几拍电子伏特的宇宙射线,其中在地球上检测到的高能粒子光谱中观察到变陡。我们回顾了最近的观测结果和银河系宇宙射线起源和传播理论的现状。其解释在标准框架内并不直截了当,可能需要根据我们对不同物种或不同能量范围的宇宙射线起源的想法改变范式。在本文中,我们关注来自银河系的宇宙射线,即能量低于几拍电子伏特的宇宙射线,其中在地球上检测到的高能粒子光谱中观察到变陡。我们回顾了最近的观测结果和银河系宇宙射线起源和传播理论的现状。其解释在标准框架内并不直截了当,可能需要根据我们对不同物种或不同能量范围的宇宙射线起源的想法改变范式。在本文中,我们关注来自银河系的宇宙射线,即能量低于几拍电子伏特的宇宙射线,其中在地球上检测到的高能粒子光谱中观察到变陡。我们回顾了最近的观测结果和银河系宇宙射线起源和传播理论的现状。即在能量低于几拍电子伏特的情况下,在地球上检测到的高能粒子光谱中观察到变陡。我们回顾了最近的观测结果和银河系宇宙射线起源和传播理论的现状。即在能量低于几拍电子伏特的情况下,在地球上检测到的高能粒子光谱中观察到变陡。我们回顾了最近的观测结果和银河系宇宙射线起源和传播理论的现状。
更新日期:2021-02-18
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