ABSTRACT

Visual search is an attentional process that requires the subject to search for a target among distractors. Failures in this process are associated with a variety of difficulties that manifest in different stages of development. They are often assessed using Conjunction Visual Search tasks. Despite this, few studies have analysed the errors committed in these tasks during development in detail. The purpose of this study is to analyse the types of errors associated with developmental changes in school-age children. Our hypotheses are that younger children would present more errors than older ones; there would be more omission errors than commission errors; younger children would commit more omission errors than older ones; and omission errors would increase as the number of distractors increased. The study results have shown that errors tend to decrease throughout development. Specifically, commission errors remain stable according to the number of distractors and task complexity, while omission errors increase according to these variables. These results provide evidence indicating that error types are based on different cognitive processes.

摘要

视觉搜索是一个注意力吸引的过程，需要对象在分心者中搜索目标。这个过程中的失败与在发展的不同阶段中表现出的各种困难有关。通常使用联合视觉搜索任务对它们进行评估。尽管如此，很少有研究详细分析开发过程中在这些任务中所犯的错误。本研究的目的是分析与学龄儿童发育变化相关的错误类型。我们的假设是，年幼的孩子比年长的孩子表现出更多的错误；遗漏错误多于佣金错误；年幼的孩子比年长的孩子犯下更多的遗漏错误；随着分心器数量的增加，遗漏错误也会增加。研究结果表明，错误会在整个开发过程中减少。具体而言，佣金错误根据干扰因素的数量和任务复杂性保持稳定，而遗漏错误根据这些变量而增加。这些结果提供了表明错误类型基于不同认知过程的证据。