ABSTRACT

Turkey imposed open-ended blanket curfews beginning in 2015, resulting in gross human rights violations. This article analyzes strategies employed by domestic activists to address violations. It explains what worked, what did not, and why. It argues that longstanding barriers to mass mobilization, including some that predate de-Europeanization, shaped activists’ mobilization strategies. Because of an unfavorable domestic environment, activists used a boomerang strategy, disseminating information to international allies who applied pressure to Turkish officials. This strategy effectively mobilized transnational human rights networks, resulting in a continuous and concerted effort by international actors to persuade Turkish officials to protect human rights while countering terrorism. Nevertheless, the boomerang strategy and a legal strategy to file applications with the European Court of Human Rights ultimately failed to generate a shift in policy. The article concludes with a discussion about the factors that contributed to this outcome.

摘要

土耳其从 2015 年开始实施无限制的全面宵禁，导致严重侵犯人权。本文分析了国内活动家为解决违规行为而采用的策略。它解释了什么有效，什么无效，以及为什么。它认为，大规模动员的长期障碍，包括一些在去欧洲化之前的障碍，塑造了活动家的动员策略。由于不利的国内环境，激进分子使用回旋镖策略，向向土耳其官员施加压力的国际盟友传播信息。该战略有效地动员了跨国人权网络，导致国际行为者持续和协调一致地努力说服土耳其官员在打击恐怖主义的同时保护人权。尽管如此，回旋镖战略和向欧洲人权法院提交申请的法律战略最终未能产生政策转变。文章最后讨论了导致这一结果的因素。