The first months of 2020 rapidly threw people into a period of societal turmoil and pathogen threat with the COVID‐19 pandemic. By promoting epistemic and existential motivational processes and activating people's behavioral immune systems, this pandemic may have changed social and political attitudes. The current research specifically asked the following question: As COVID‐19 became pronounced in the United States during the pandemic's emergence, did people living there become more socially conservative? We present a repeated‐measures study (N = 695) that assessed political ideology, gender role conformity, and gender stereotypes among U.S. adults before (January 25–26, 2020) versus during (March 19–April 2, 2020) the pandemic. During the pandemic, participants reported conforming more strongly to traditional gender roles and believing more strongly in traditional gender stereotypes than they did before the pandemic. Political ideology remained constant over time. These findings suggest that a pandemic may promote the preference for traditional gender roles.

中文翻译：

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大流行可以使人们在社会上更加保守吗？政治意识形态、性别角色和 COVID-19 案例

2020 年的头几个月，COVID-19 大流行迅速使人们陷入了社会动荡和病原体威胁的时期。通过促进认知和存在动机过程并激活人们的行为免疫系统，这种流行病可能已经改变了社会和政治态度。目前的研究特别提出了以下问题：随着 COVID-19 在大流行期间在美国变得明显，生活在那里的人们是否变得更加社会保守？我们提出了一项重复测量研究（N = 695)，评估了大流行之前（2020 年 1 月 25 日至 26 日）与期间（2020 年 3 月 19 日至 4 月 2 日）美国成年人的政治意识形态、性别角色一致性和性别刻板印象。在大流行期间，参与者报告说，与大流行之前相比，他们更强烈地遵守传统的性别角色，并且更强烈地相信传统的性别刻板印象。随着时间的推移，政治意识形态保持不变。这些发现表明，流行病可能会促进对传统性别角色的偏好。