To design a high-quality vehicle shock absorber, the internal structure of the piston assembly of a shock absorber is analyzed in this study. Using the fluid–solid coupling method, a high-precision flow grid model and a solid finite element model of the stacked valve are built and analyzed. A bidirectional fluid–solid coupling method is proposed, which can be adopted to simulate and analyze the dynamic nonlinear response characteristics for a stacked valve slice of a vehicle shock absorber in Workbench software. The results indicate that the superposition valve slice maximum occurs at the inner radius, but the area of maximum deformation is near the piston hole and the maximum deformation is about 0.0636 mm. When the stack valve plate just opens the valve, the displacement and speed of the stack valve plate will simultaneously produce a jump change. The results of the calculation analysis are broadly in line with the test results, which indicates that the bidirectional fluid–solid coupling method is accurate and dependable, and can be used to study the dynamic characteristics of vehicle shock absorbers. This has important reference value for the optimization design of the internal valve system of vehicle shock absorbers.

为了设计高质量的车辆减震器，本研究分析了减震器活塞组件的内部结构。使用流固耦合方法，建立并分析了堆叠阀的高精度流网格模型和固体有限元模型。提出了一种双向流固耦合方法，该方法可用于在Workbench软件中模拟和分析车辆减震器的堆叠阀片的动态非线性响应特性。结果表明，叠加阀片最大发生在内径处，但最大变形区域在活塞孔附近，最大变形约为0.0636 mm。当堆叠阀板刚刚打开阀时，堆叠阀板的位移和速度将同时产生跳跃变化。计算分析的结果与测试结果大致吻合，这表明双向流固耦合方法是准确可靠的，可用于研究车辆减震器的动力学特性。这对于车辆减震器内部阀系统的优化设计具有重要的参考价值。