ABSTRACT: Without insights into the threats affecting species across their distributions and throughout their annual cycles, effective conservation management cannot be applied. The Whenua Hou diving petrel Pelecanoides whenuahouensis (WHDP) is a Critically Endangered small seabird whose offshore habits and threats are poorly understood. We tracked WHDPs year-round in 2015/16, 2017/18, and 2018/19 using global location-sensing immersion loggers to identify offshore distribution, movements, behaviour, and overlap with commercial fishing effort. During the breeding period, WHDPs ranged from southern Aotearoa (New Zealand) to Maukahuka (Auckland Islands). After breeding, WHDPs migrated southwest towards the Polar Front south of Australia, exhibited clockwise movements, and returned to their breeding grounds via the Subantarctic Front. During the non-breeding period, WHDPs exhibited extreme aquatic behaviour and spent >95% of their time on, or under, water. The core areas used consistently during breeding and non-breeding periods warrant listing as Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas. Spatiotemporal overlap of commercial fishing effort with breeding distributions was considerable, in contrast with non-breeding distributions. Spatiotemporal management of anthropogenic activity around the breeding colony during the breeding period could help protect WHDPs, but such measures should be subjected to a structured decision-making framework. Our results illustrate the importance of year-round studies to inform conservation of marine species.


Māori abstract

TUHINGA WHAKARĀPOPOTO: Ki te kore e mātau i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea e pātahi ai ki ngā momo kararehe i ā rātou nohoanga huhua, i ia tau rānei e kore e whakatau ai tētahi ara whakauka e whai hua ana. He manu paku o te moana e ngaro haere ana tōna whare ora te Kuaka Whenua Hou Pelecanoides whenuahouensis e kore e mātau pai ana i āna whanonga ki tai, i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea rānei e pātahi ai ki a ia. Nā te pūrere whakaroki-mahi pūoko-wāhi mātou i whāia ai ngā Kuaka i ngā tau 2015/16, 2017/18 me te tau 2018/19 ki te tūtohu i ā rātou hōrapa ki tai, nekehanga, whanonga me tā rātou tūtaki ki ngā pakihi hī ika. I te wā o te whakatipu, i noho ai ngā Kuakas ki te tonga o Aotearoa tae rawa atu ai ki Maukahuka. Ka mutu te whakatipu, i heke whaka-te-māuru-mā-tonga ki te Hauaitū kei te tonga o Ahitereiria, i rere whakatekaraka kia hoki atu ai ki te whenua whānau ai ngā hua kei te Haunui-o-Tonga. I te wā kāore rātou i te ai i noho roa ngā Kuaka ki te moana, nui ake i te 95 ōrau o te wā, kei te kawara, kei roto rānei i te moana. Ko ngā wāhi mātua ai te noho, te hokihoki atu ai hoki o ēnei manu ahakoa whakatipu rānei, ahakoa kai rānei me noho ki te rārangi Wāhi Manu, Wāhi Rerenga Rauropi Whakahirahira. He nui hoki tā rātou tūtaki ā wā, ā wāhi ki ngā pakihi hī ika i te wā whakatipu e, karekau i te wā kai noa. Ka whai hua pea he herenga a wāhi i te mahi o te tangata ki ō ngā pūrei kōhanga i te wā whakatipu, engari me whai anga whakatau kia whakatauhia ai tēnei. Mātua tohua ai ā mātou putanga i te whakahirahira o te āta whai, i te aromatawai ā-tau kia mātau ai te whakaukahanga o tētahi momo kararehe o te moana.

中文翻译：

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全年濒临灭绝的小海鸟的分布，行为和与商业捕鱼的重叠

摘要：如果无法深入了解影响物种分布及其整个年度周期的威胁，就无法实施有效的保护管理。Whenuahou潜水海燕Pelecanoides whenuahouensis（WHDP）是一种极度濒危的小海鸟，其离岸习惯和威胁知之甚少。我们使用全球位置感应沉浸式记录仪对2015 / 16、2017 / 18和2018/19全年的WHDP进行了跟踪，以识别近海分布，活动，行为以及与商业捕鱼活动的重叠。在繁殖期间，WHDP的分布范围从南部的Aotearoa（新西兰）到Maukahuka（奥克兰群岛）。繁殖后，WHDPs向西南迁移至澳大利亚南部的极地锋，表现出顺时针方向的运动，并通过亚极南极锋返回它们的繁殖地。在非繁殖期，WHDPs表现出极端的水生行为，并花费超过95％的时间在水下或水下。在繁殖和非繁殖期间始终使用的核心区域应列为重要鸟类和生物多样性区域。与非繁殖分布相反，商业捕鱼活动的时空重叠与繁殖分布相当。在繁殖期间，对繁殖群体周围的人为活动进行时空管理可以帮助保护WHDP，但此类措施应遵循结构化的决策框架。我们的研究结果表明，进行全年研究对保护海洋物种至关重要。在繁殖期间，对繁殖群体周围的人为活动进行时空管理可以帮助保护WHDP，但此类措施应遵循结构化的决策框架。我们的研究结果表明，进行全年研究对保护海洋物种至关重要。在繁殖期间，对繁殖群体周围的人为活动进行时空管理可以帮助保护WHDP，但此类措施应遵循结构化的决策框架。我们的研究结果表明，进行全年研究对保护海洋物种至关重要。


毛利人摘要

TUHINGAWHAKARĀPOPOTO：ki te kore emātauingāhuahuatangamōreareaepātahiai kingāmomo kararehe iārātounohoanga huhua，我ia taurāneie kore e wakatara ai taka 瓜卡卡乌阿乌阿瓦乌佩雷卡尼德斯当阿瓜乌纳乌斯e kore emātaupai ana iānawhanonga ki tai，即是huahuatangamōrearearāneiepātahiai ki ia。Nau tepūrerewhakaroki-mahipūoko-wāhimātoui a u ng kuaka ingātau 2015/16，2017/18 me te tau 2018/19 ki tetūtohuiārātouhōrapaki tai，nekehanga，whanonga metārāt pakihihīika。我讲的是华卡语，我想讲的是毛卡胡卡语。Ka mutu te whakatipu，hheakawakakaka hoki atu ai ai ki te whenuawhānauaingāhua hua Hauuui-o-Tonga。我要给我发短信，请告诉我95个月后，请给河原，请给我发消息。Kongāwāhimātuaai te noho，te hokihoki atu ai hoki oēneimanu ahakoa whakatipurānei，瓦希·玛努（Wahhi Manu），瓦希·雷伦加·劳罗皮·劳罗皮·华卡希拉希拉（Wakahi Rerenga Rauropi Whakahirahira）。他的名字是“ nui hokitārātoutūtakiāwā”，“wāhikingāpakihihīika i tewāwhakatipu e”，“ karekau i tewākai noa”。Ka whai hua pea he henga awāhite mahi o te tangata ki ngngāpūreikōhangai tewāwhakatipu，engari me whai anga whakatau起亚whakatauhia aténei。Mātuatohua aiāmātouputanga i wahakahirahira o teàta whai，aomatawaiā-taukiamātauai te whakaukahanga otētahimomo kararehe o te moana。