Antemortem detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in swine production systems has relied on antibody testing, but the availability of tests based on DNA detection and novel diagnostic specimens, e.g., tracheal swabs and oral fluids, has the potential to improve M. hyopneumoniae surveillance. A field study was performed over a 14-week period during which 10 pigs in one pen at the center of a room with 1,250 6-week-old pigs housed in 46 pens were intratracheally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae. Thereafter, one tracheal sample, four serum samples, and one oral fluid sample were collected from every pen at 2-week intervals. Tracheal and oral fluid samples were tested for M. hyopneumoniae DNA and serum samples for M. hyopneumoniae antibody. Test results were modeled using a hierarchical Bayesian model, based on a latent spatial piecewise exponential survival model, to estimate the probability of detection by within-pen prevalence, number of positive pens in the barn, sample allocation, sample size, and sample type over time. Analysis showed that tracheal samples provided the earliest detection, especially at large sample sizes. While serum samples are more commonly collected and are less expensive to test, high probability of detection estimates were only obtained 30 days postexposure at large sample sizes. In all scenarios, probability of detection estimates for oral fluids within 30 days were significantly lower than those for tracheal and serum samples. Ultimately, the choice of specimen type, sample number, and assay will depend on testing objectives and economics, but the estimates provided here will assist in the design of M. hyopneumoniae surveillance and monitoring programs for different situations.

中文翻译：

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猪群猪肺炎支原体监测：建立生长猪检测采样指南

生猪生产系统中猪肺炎支原体感染的宰前检测依赖于抗体检测，但基于DNA检测和新型诊断样本（例如气管拭子和口腔液）的检测的可用性有可能改善猪肺炎支原体的监测。进行了为期 14 周的现场研究，房间中央的一个猪栏内有 10 头猪，46 个猪栏内有 1,250 头 6 周龄的猪，通过气管内接种猪肺炎支原体。此后，每隔两周从每栏采集一份气管样本、四份血清样本和一份口腔液样本。对气管和口腔液样本进行猪肺炎支原体DNA 检测，对血清样本进行猪肺炎支原体抗体检测。使用分层贝叶斯模型对测试结果进行建模，该模型基于潜在空间分段指数生存模型，通过圈内患病率、谷仓中阳性圈数、样本分配、样本大小和样本类型来估计检测概率。时间。分析表明，气管样本提供了最早的检测，特别是在大样本量的情况下。虽然血清样本的采集更为常见且检测成本也较低，但在大样本量下仅在暴露后 30 天才能获得高检测概率估计值。在所有情况下，30 天内口腔液体的检测概率估计值均显着低于气管和血清样本的检测概率。最终，样本类型、样本数量和检测方法的选择将取决于检测目标和经济性，但此处提供的估计将有助于针对不同情况设计猪肺炎支原体监测和监测计划。