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Designing Timber Harvesting to Enhance New Zealand Falcon Populations
Journal of Wildlife Management ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 , DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22013
Chifuyu Horikoshi 1 , Phil F. Battley 1 , Edward O. Minot 1
Affiliation  

Previous breeding‐season studies of threatened New Zealand falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) in plantation forests have suggested that falcons benefit when harvesting creates a mosaic of differently aged stands, especially where young and mature tree stands are adjacent. Thus, changes in the rate and pattern of harvesting may affect habitat heterogeneity by altering the size and distribution of forest patches. We sought to determine guidelines for harvesting that would most benefit falcons by increasing the carrying capacity of the forest for falcons. We used radio‐tracking to determine the home‐range sizes of non‐breeding falcons over 3 seasons and compared winter home‐range overlap in the most‐selected land cover types by falcons (mature‐young edges and open patches) with other land cover types. The distribution of open patches and edges between mature stands and recently cleared areas affected falcon home ranges, home‐range overlap, and the likelihood of nesting. Specifically, home ranges were smaller as the density of edges and percentage of open patch increased, and there was greater home‐range overlap between individuals in the most‐selected land cover types. Numbers of falcons decreased as the size of open patches increased, concomitant with a decrease in edge size, the number of edge borders, and the number of open patches. The likelihood of nesting also decreased as open patch size increased. Our results indicate that smaller open patches spread through a forest, maximizing the amount of mature‐young edges, will favor smaller home ranges and therefore potentially greater numbers of falcons. We recommend harvesting protocols that ensure that open patches (0–3‐yr‐old stands) are <4 km2 in size and retain at least small stands of mature pine to maintain a high density of edges. Similar protocols may increase the carrying capacity for other species occurring in managed systems involving fragmented landscapes or small reserves. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译:

设计木材采伐以增加新西兰猎鹰的种群

先前对濒临灭绝的新西兰猎鹰(Falco novaeseelandiae)的繁殖季节研究)在人工林中,森林提示猎鹰在收获时会产生不同年龄的林分的镶嵌图,特别是在幼树和成熟林分相邻的地方时,它们会受益。因此,采伐率和采伐方式的变化可能会通过改变森林斑块的大小和分布而影响栖息地的异质性。我们试图通过增加森林对猎鹰的承载能力来确定最有利于猎鹰的采伐准则。我们使用无线电跟踪来确定3个季节的非繁殖猎鹰的本国范围大小,并比较猎鹰(成熟的边缘和开阔地块)与其他陆地覆盖在大多数选择的土地覆盖类型中的冬季本性重叠情况类型。成熟的林分和最近清理的区域之间的开放斑块和边缘的分布会影响猎鹰的原野,原野重叠,以及嵌套的可能性。具体而言,随着边缘密度和裸露斑块百分比的增加,房屋范围变小,并且在选择最多的土地覆被类型中,个体之间的房屋范围重叠更大。随着开放斑块大小的增加,猎鹰的数量减少,同时边缘尺寸,边缘边界的数量和开放斑块的数量也随之减少。随着开放补丁大小的增加,嵌套的可能性也降低了。我们的研究结果表明,较小的开放斑块遍布整个森林,从而最大限度地增加了幼小的幼虫的数量,将有利于较小的栖息地,因此可能会增加猎鹰的数量。我们建议采用收割协议,以确保开放补丁(0至3岁的林分)小于4公里 随着边缘密度的增加和开放斑块的百分比的增加,家庭范围变小,在土地选择最多的土地类型中,个体之间的家庭范围重叠更大。随着开放斑块大小的增加,猎鹰的数量减少,同时边缘尺寸,边缘边界的数量和开放斑块的数量也随之减少。随着开放补丁大小的增加,嵌套的可能性也降低了。我们的研究结果表明,较小的开放斑块遍布整个森林,从而最大限度地增加了幼小的幼虫的数量,将有利于较小的栖息地,因此可能会增加猎鹰的数量。我们建议采用收割协议,以确保开放补丁(0至3岁的林分)小于4公里 随着边缘密度的增加和开放斑块的百分比的增加,家庭范围变小,在土地选择最多的土地类型中,个体之间的家庭范围重叠更大。随着开放斑块大小的增加,猎鹰的数量减少,同时边缘尺寸,边缘边界的数量和开放斑块的数量也随之减少。随着开放补丁大小的增加,嵌套的可能性也降低了。我们的研究结果表明,较小的开放斑块遍布整个森林,从而最大限度地增加了幼小的幼虫的数量,将有利于较小的栖息地,因此可能会增加猎鹰的数量。我们建议采用收割协议,以确保开放补丁(0至3岁的林分)小于4公里 在选择最多的土地覆盖类型中,个体之间的家庭范围重叠更大。随着开放斑块大小的增加,猎鹰的数量减少,同时边缘尺寸,边缘边界的数量和开放斑块的数量也随之减少。随着开放补丁大小的增加,嵌套的可能性也降低了。我们的研究结果表明,较小的开放斑块遍布整个森林,从而最大限度地增加了幼小的幼虫的数量,将有利于较小的栖息地,因此可能会增加猎鹰的数量。我们建议采用收割协议,以确保开放补丁(0至3岁的林分)小于4公里 在选择最多的土地覆盖类型中,个体之间的家庭范围重叠更大。随着开放斑块大小的增加,猎鹰的数量减少,同时边缘尺寸,边缘边界的数量和开放斑块的数量也随之减少。随着开放补丁大小的增加,嵌套的可能性也降低了。我们的研究结果表明,较小的开放斑块遍布整个森林,从而最大限度地增加了幼小的幼虫的数量,将有利于较小的栖息地,因此可能会增加猎鹰的数量。我们建议采用收割协议,以确保开放补丁(0至3岁的林分)小于4公里 随着开放补丁大小的增加,嵌套的可能性也降低了。我们的研究结果表明,较小的开放斑块遍布整个森林,从而最大限度地增加了幼小的幼虫的数量,将有利于较小的栖息地,因此可能会增加猎鹰的数量。我们建议采用收割协议,以确保开放补丁(0至3岁的林分)小于4公里 随着开放补丁大小的增加,嵌套的可能性也降低了。我们的研究结果表明,较小的开放斑块遍布整个森林,从而最大限度地增加了幼小的幼虫的数量,将有利于较小的栖息地,因此可能会增加猎鹰的数量。我们建议采用收割协议,以确保开放补丁(0至3岁的林分)小于4公里大小为2英寸,至少保留小块的成熟松木,以保持较高的边缘密度。类似的协议可能会增加景观中零散的或少量保护区的受管系统中其他物种的承载能力。©2021野生动物协会。
更新日期:2021-03-08
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