Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, are becoming increasingly frequent, long-lasting and severe as global climate change continues, shaping marine biodiversity patterns worldwide. Increased risk of overheating and mortality across major taxa have been recurrently observed, jeopardizing the sustainability of ecosystem services. Molecular responses of species, which scale up to physiological and population responses, are determinant processes that modulate species sensitivity or tolerance to extreme weather events. Here, by integrating proteomic, fatty acid profiling and physiological approaches, we show that the tolerance of the intertidal ragworm Hediste diversicolor, a keystone species in estuarine ecosystems and an emergent blue bio-resource, to long-lasting heatwaves (24 vs 30 °C for 30 days) is shaped by calcium homeostasis, immune function and stability of fatty acid profiles. These features potentially enabled H. diversicolor to increase its thermal tolerance limit by 0.81 °C under the heatwave scenario and maintain survival. No growth trade-offs were detected, as wet weight remained stable across conditions. Biological variation of physiological parameters was lower when compared to molecular measures. Proteins showed an overall elevated coefficient of variation, although decreasing molecular variance under the heatwave scenario was observed for both proteins and fatty acids. This finding is consistent with the phenomenon of physiological canalization in extreme environments and contradicts the theory that novel conditions increase trait variation. Our results show that keystone highly valued marine polychaetes are tolerant to heatwaves, confirming the potential of H. diversicolor as a blue bio-resource and opening new avenues for sustainable marine aquaculture development.

随着全球气候变化的持续发展，热浪等极端天气事件变得越来越频繁，持续且严重，从而改变了全球海洋生物多样性格局。经常观察到主要分类单元中过热和死亡的风险增加，危害了生态系统服务的可持续性。物种的分子反应可扩展到生理和种群反应，是决定物种对极端天气事件的敏感性或耐受性的决定性过程。在这里，通过蛋白质组学，脂肪酸谱分析和生理学方法的整合，我们表明潮间带虫Hediste diversicolor（河口生态系统中的关键物种和新兴的蓝色生物资源）对持久热浪的耐受性（24 vs30°C持续30天）的形成取决于钙的动态平衡，免疫功能和脂肪酸分布的稳定性。这些功能可能使H. diversicolor在热浪情况下将其耐热极限提高0.81°C，并保持生存。由于在所有条件下湿重保持稳定，因此未检测到增长折衷。与分子测量相比，生理参数的生物学变化更低。蛋白质总体上显示出较高的变异系数，尽管在热浪中，蛋白质和脂肪酸均观察到分子方差减小。这一发现与极端环境下的生理渠化现象相符，并且与新条件增加性状变异的理论相矛盾。我们的结果表明，梯形石被高度重视的海洋多毛小鸟耐受热浪，证实了杂色嗜血杆菌的潜力 作为一种蓝色生物资源，为可持续的海洋水产养殖发展开辟了新途径。