This paper develops an optimization framework for coordinating electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution systems. A bilateral contract between EV aggregators and renewable distributed generators (DGs) is first used to maximize revenues for these market participants by optimally controlling EV charging/discharging. The developed market-based EV control model is then implemented in a distribution system and evaluated for its potential adverse effects on the system operation. An optimal capacitor sizing and placement method is proposed to resolve the negative impacts of such control model. The proposed capacitor optimization method along with the developed EV control model provides an EV-RES coordination framework that simultaneously addresses both market and operational objectives. A real distribution network is used to test the EV-RES coordination method and evaluate its performance for different loading conditions using three-phase unbalanced load flow calculations. Simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed method in not only providing cost savings for the system operation, but also in reducing the losses and voltage deviations that would be otherwise incurred due to uncoordinated EV scheduling. The proposed EV-RES coordination framework is demonstrated to ensure economic, safe and reliable operation of distribution systems in which EVs and renewable DGs synergize.

本文开发了一种用于协调配电系统中的电动汽车（EV）和可再生能源（RES）的优化框架。电动汽车聚合器和可再生分布式发电器（DG）之间的双边合同首先用于通过最佳控制电动汽车的充电/放电为这些市场参与者最大化收益。然后，在配电系统中实施已开发的基于市场的EV控制模型，并评估其对系统运行的潜在不利影响。为了解决这种控制模型的负面影响，提出了一种最佳的电容器尺寸和布局方法。提出的电容器优化方法以及已开发的EV控制模型提供了一个EV-RES协调框架，可同时解决市场和运营目标。实际的配电网络用于测试EV-RES协调方法，并使用三相不平衡潮流计算来评估其在不同负载条件下的性能。仿真结果验证了所提出方法的效率，不仅为系统运行节省了成本，而且还减少了因不协调的EV调度而引起的损耗和电压偏差。拟议的EV-RES协调框架已得到证明，可确保电动汽车和可再生DG协同工作的配电系统经济，安全和可靠地运行。仿真结果验证了所提出方法的效率，不仅为系统运行节省了成本，而且还减少了因不协调的EV调度而引起的损耗和电压偏差。拟议的EV-RES协调框架已得到证明，可确保电动汽车和可再生DG协同工作的配电系统经济，安全和可靠地运行。仿真结果验证了所提出方法的效率，不仅为系统运行节省了成本，而且还减少了因不协调的EV调度而导致的损耗和电压偏差。拟议的EV-RES协调框架已得到证明，可确保电动汽车和可再生DG协同工作的配电系统经济，安全和可靠地运行。