With the increasing demand for crude oil reserves, storage tanks are being developed on a large scale, and heating energy consumption is gradually increasing. Hence, it is necessary to study energy utilization. The variable physical parameters of crude oil and dynamic thermal environment are considered to establish a coil heating theoretical model of a large crude oil storage tank. On this basis, according to the first and second laws of thermodynamics, the energy loss mechanism of the multiple links in the heating process is analysed. Moreover, the energy consumption evaluation index of the storage tank heating process is established, and the energy consumption mechanism accounting for the tank oil level, the coil heat flow density and the external environmental conditions for the heating process with different coil structures is proposed. The results reveal that the energy loss is affected by the external solar radiation and the dynamic change in the atmospheric temperature, which exhibits fluctuating and rising trends. The external heat loss discharged to the environment through heat dissipation is far lower than the internal heat loss of the tank. Among the different coil structures, an integral large vortex structure is formed for a serpentine coil, with the bottom coil acting as the power element. This large-scale vortex structure obtains energy from time-averaged flow through turbulent shear, which promotes the heat transfer process of natural convection. Additionally, each coil provides a certain buoyancy to the crude oil, and the heat absorption of the crude oil accelerates; thus, the crude oil has a high and stable effective energy utilization degree.

随着对原油储备的需求的增加，储罐正在大规模开发，并且热能消耗逐渐增加。因此，有必要研究能源利用。考虑原油的可变物理参数和动态热环境，建立了大型原油储罐的盘管加热理论模型。在此基础上，根据热力学第一定律和第二定律，分析了加热过程中多个环节的能量损失机理。此外，建立了储罐加热过程的能耗评价指标，提出了考虑不同油桶结构的储罐油位，盘管热流密度和外部环境条件的能耗机理。结果表明，能量损失受外部太阳辐射和大气温度动态变化的影响，并呈现波动和上升的趋势。通过散热释放到环境中的外部热量损失远低于储罐的内部热量损失。在不同的线圈结构中，形成用于蛇形线圈的整体大涡旋结构，底部线圈用作功率元件。这种大规模的涡旋结构通过湍流剪切从平均时间流中获取能量，从而促进了自然对流的传热过程。另外，每个盘管为原油提供一定的浮力，并且加速了原油的热吸收。因此，原油具有较高且稳定的有效能量利用度。