For antibiotic contaminants, biochar adsorbents have been regarded as one of the most suitable materials due to their safety for human health and good adsorption performance. In this study, loofah activated carbon (LAC) was prepared by a simple high temperature carbonization process, while mixing LAC with agarose solution under stirring at 90 °C, after which LAC-loaded agarose aerogel (LAC-AA) adsorbents could be obtained by freeze-dried under a vacuum condition. The LAC is consisted of hierarchical laminae-trestle-laminae (L-T-L) microstructure with highly ordered, whose surfaces are fully covered by nanoscale protrusions. The unique hierarchical structures possessing high specific surface areas (~736.86 m² g⁻¹) and abundant active surface sites, which contribute significantly to the adsorption of antibiotics (to name a few, tetracycline (TC), ofloxacin (OFO) and norfloxacin (NFO)). The results indicate that the capacity of adsorption towards TC, NFO and OFO (1–40 ppm) by the LAC-loaded agarose aerogel (LAC-AA) adsorbents is 537.6, 434.8 and 581.4 mg g⁻¹, respectively, which is significantly greater than that of currently-available adsorbents. In parallel, the atomic adsorption model’s simulation further confirms that the OFO is prone to be adsorbed on the LAC with the lowest adsorption energy that resulted in the largest adsorption capacity.

对于抗生素污染物，生物炭吸附剂因其对人体健康的安全性和良好的吸附性能而被视为最合适的材料之一。在这项研究中，丝瓜活性炭（LAC）是通过简单的高温碳化过程制备的，同时在90°C的搅拌下将LAC与琼脂糖溶液混合，然后可以通过以下方法获得负载LAC的琼脂糖气凝胶（LAC-AA）吸附剂：在真空条件下冷冻干燥。LAC由具有高度有序的层状片状栈桥（LTL）微结构组成，其表面被纳米级突起完全覆盖。具有高比表面积（〜736.86 m ² g ^-1）的独特分层结构）和丰富的活性表面部位，这些部位显着促进了抗生素的吸附（仅举几例，四环素（TC），氧氟沙星（OFO）和诺氟沙星（NFO））。结果表明，载有LAC的琼脂糖气凝胶（LAC-AA）吸附剂对TC，NFO和OFO（1–40 ppm）的吸附容量分别为537.6、434.8和581.4 mg g ^-1，这要大得多。比目前可用的吸附剂要多。同时，原子吸附模型的模拟进一步证实，OFO倾向于以最低的吸附能被吸附在LAC上，从而导致最大的吸附容量。