Taking actions to prevent the occurrence of failure in advance, rather than improving reliability through post-mortem testing is crucial for improvement of products’ quality and efficiency. As a typical prevention reliability analysis method, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) has an innate advantage in conducting this improvement. However, traditional FMEA also contains some deficiencies in rating risks, weighting risk factors and ranking failure modes. In this paper, a scientific risk evaluation method capable of solving these deficiencies is proposed, which combines interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy-deviation maximization method (IVq-ROF-DMM) with interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy-additive ratio assessment (IVq-ROF-ARAS) method. Moreover, the concept of sub-risk factors is developed to make evaluation results more practical. To make experts’ evaluation information more consistent, a consistency inspection and improvement process is conducted and experts’ evaluation information are fused by IVq-ROF weighted average (IVq-ROFWG) operator and IVq-ROF weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean (IVq-ROFWMSM) operator. Finally, a real case vis-à-vis tool changing manipulator of tool magazine is illustrated, and discussion results indicate that the proposed method is rational and valid.

事前采取预防措施来预防故障的发生，而不是通过验尸测试来提高可靠性，对于提高产品的质量和效率至关重要。作为一种典型的预防可靠性分析方法，故障模式和影响分析（FMEA）在进行此改进时具有先天优势。但是，传统的FMEA在评估风险，加权风险因素和对失败模式进行排序方面也存在一些缺陷。本文提出了一种能够解决这些缺陷的科学的风险评估方法，该方法结合了区间值q-梯级对数模糊偏差最大化方法（IV q -ROF-DMM）和区间值q-梯级对数模糊添加剂比率评估（IV q-ROF-ARAS）方法。此外，提出了亚风险因素的概念，以使评估结果更加实用。为了使专家的评估信息更加一致，进行了一致性检查和改进过程，并通过IV q -ROF加权平均值（IV q -ROFWG）运算符和IV q -ROF加权Maclaurin对称均值（IV q）融合了专家的评估信息。-ROFWMSM）运算符。最后，针对刀库中的换刀操纵器进行了实际案例分析，讨论结果表明该方法是合理有效的。