Large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) connected to the micro grid would cause many problems. In this paper, with the consideration of vehicle to grid (V2G), two charging and discharging load modes of EVs were constructed. One was the disorderly charging and discharging mode based on travel habits, and the other was the orderly charging and discharging mode based on time-of-use (TOU) price; Monte Carlo method was used to verify the case. The scheme of the capacity optimization of photovoltaic charging station under two different charging and discharging modes with V2G was proposed. The mathematical models of the objective function with the maximization of energy efficiency, the minimization of the investment and the operation cost of the charging system were established. The range of decision variables, constraints of the requirements of the power balance and the strategy of energy exchange were given. NSGA-II and NSGA-SA algorithm were used to verify the cases, respectively. In both algorithms, by comparing with the simulation results of the two different modes, it shows that the orderly charging and discharging mode with V2G is obviously better than the disorderly charging and discharging mode in the aspects of alleviating the pressure of power grid, reducing system investment and improving energy efficiency.

连接到微电网的大型电动汽车（EV）将引起许多问题。在考虑车辆到电网（V2G）的情况下，构建了两种电动汽车的充放电负荷模式。一种是基于出行习惯的无序充放电模式，另一种是基于使用时间（TOU）价格的有序充放电模式。蒙特卡罗方法被用来验证这种情况。提出了两种不同的V2G充放电模式下的光伏充电站容量优化方案。建立了能量效率最大化，投资最小化和充电系统运行成本的目标函数数学模型。决策变量的范围，给出了功率平衡需求的约束条件和能量交换策略。分别使用NSGA-II和NSGA-SA算法进行验证。在两种算法中，通过与两种不同模式的仿真结果比较，表明在缓解电网压力，降低系统压力方面，采用V2G的有序充放电模式明显优于无序充放电模式。投资和提高能源效率。