Increased number of the vehicles on the streets around the world has led to several problems including traffic congestion, emissions, and huge fuel consumption in many regions. With advances in wireless and traffic technologies, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has been introduced as a viable solution for solving these problems by implementing more efficient use of the current infrastructures. In this paper, the possibility of using cellular-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) communications, LTE-M and NB-IoT, for ITS applications has been investigated. LTE-M and NB-IoT are designed to provide long range, low power and low cost communication infrastructures and can be a promising option which has the potential to be employed immediately in real systems. In this paper, we have proposed an architecture to employ the LPWAN as a backhaul infrastructure for ITS and to understand the feasibility of the proposed model, two applications with low and high delay requirements have been examined: road traffic monitoring and emergency vehicle management. Then, the performance of using LTE-M and NB-IoT for providing backhaul communication infrastructure has been evaluated in a realistic simulation environment and compared for these two scenarios in terms of end-to-end latency per user. Simulation of Urban MObility has been used for realistic traffic generation and a Python-based program has been developed for evaluation of the communication system. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of using LPWAN for ITS backhaul infrastructure mostly in favor of the LTE-M over NB-IoT.

世界各地街道上车辆的增加导致许多问题，包括交通堵塞，排放和许多地区的大量燃料消耗。随着无线和交通技术的进步，智能交通系统（ITS）已被引入为通过更有效地利用当前基础设施来解决这些问题的可行解决方案。在本文中，已经研究了将基于蜂窝的低功耗广域网（LPWAN）通信，LTE-M和NB-IoT用于ITS应用的可能性。LTE-M和NB-IoT被设计为提供远程，低功耗和低成本的通信基础设施，并且可能是一个有前途的选择，有可能立即在实际系统中采用。在本文中，我们提出了一种架构，可将LPWAN用作ITS的回程基础架构，并了解该模型的可行性，因此研究了具有低延迟要求和高延迟要求的两种应用：道路交通监控和应急车辆管理。然后，已经在现实的仿真环境中评估了使用LTE-M和NB-IoT提供回程通信基础设施的性能，并针对这两种方案在每个用户的端到端延迟方面进行了比较。城市交通仿真已用于现实交通生成，并且已开发了基于Python的程序来评估通信系统。仿真结果证明了将LPWAN用于ITS回程基础设施的可行性，主要是因为LTE-M优于NB-IoT。