Recent transit spectra suggest organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere of sub-Neptunes. Sulfur gases are expected to be present in warm exoplanet atmospheres with high metallicity. Many aspects of the sulfur fixation process by photochemistry in planetary atmospheres are not fully understood. In this work, tholins produced in a CO₂-rich atmosphere simulation experiment with H₂S were analyzed with very high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) that allows for searching specific molecules in addition to providing some insight on the mixture complexity. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental investigation of sulfur-bearing organic aerosol formation from irradiation of H₂S at temperatures relevant to warm exoplanets. The analysis of the mass spectra shows that the soluble organic fraction of the solid particles contains over 2500 organosulfur (CHS/CHOS/CHNS/CHNOS) molecular formulas (73% of all assigned signals) within a broad mass range (from 50 to 400 u, atomic mass unit). In particular, 14 sulfuric acid derivatives were detected and 13 unique molecular formulae that could correspond to amino acid derivatives were identified. This high molecular diversity indicates a rich and active sulfur chemistry triggered by irradiation of H₂S. The average elemental composition (wt%) of the soluble fraction of the particles is 40%C, 30%O, 21%S, 6%H, and 3%N, making the sulfur abundance a factor of ∼14 larger than in the initial gas composition. Our analysis of experimental simulations shows that organosulfur species are likely an important component of the haze in exoplanet atmospheres.

最近的传输光谱表明在亚海王星大气中形成了有机气溶胶。预期在金属度高的系外行星大气中会存在硫气。在行星大气中通过光化学固定硫的过程的许多方面尚未完全了解。在这项工作中，使用非常高分辨率的质谱（HRMS）分析了在富含CO _2的H ₂ S气氛模拟实验中生产的索林，除了可以提供关于混合物复杂性的一些见解之外，该质谱还可以搜索特定分子。据我们所知，这是首次通过H ₂辐射形成含硫有机气溶胶的实验研究。S在与热系外行星有关的温度下。质谱分析表明，固体颗粒中的可溶性有机部分包含2500多种有机硫（CHS / CHOS / CHNS / CHNOS）分子式（占所有分配信号的73％），分布范围很广（50至400 u ，原子质量单位）。特别是，检测到14种硫酸衍生物，并鉴定了13种独特的分子式，这些分子式可能与氨基酸衍生物相对应。这种高分子多样性表明，H ₂的辐射引发了丰富而活跃的硫化学反应S.颗粒中可溶部分的平均元素组成（wt％）为40％C，30％O，21％S，6％H和3％N，这使得硫丰度比14倍大在初始气体成分中。我们对实验模拟的分析表明，有机硫物种可能是系外行星大气中霾的重要组成部分。