Graded index multimode fibre (GIMF) has emerged as a promising platform for two- and three-dimensional nonlinear optics. Based on the nonlinear multimodal interference technique, GIMF has demonstrated the saturable absorption effect and applied for fibre-based-laser short pulse generation as versatile, wideband ultrafast optical switches. Herein, this review presents the basic principles and the optical properties of the GIMF-based saturable absorber (SA). With this proposed GIMF-based SA device, mode-locking fibre lasers in the wavelength range of 1, 1.55, and 2 μm are realized. Particular focus is on the tunable and multi-wavelength mode-locked fibre lasers, various kinds of soliton generation and large energy soliton generation and a detailed summary of the current advances are given.

渐变折射率多模光纤（GIMF）已经成为二维和三维非线性光学的有前途的平台。基于非线性多模态干涉技术，GIMF已经证明了其可饱和的吸收效果，并已作为通用的宽带超快光开关应用于基于光纤的激光短脉冲生成。本文中，本综述介绍了基于GIMF的可饱和吸收剂（SA）的基本原理和光学性质。与此提出的基于GIMF-SA设备，在波长范围为1，1.55，和2锁模光纤激光器μ m的实现。特别关注可调谐和多波长锁模光纤激光器，各种孤子产生和大能量孤子产生，并详细概述了当前的进展。