Searches for neutrinos from cosmic-ray interactions in the Sun using seven years of IceCube data,Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

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Searches for neutrinos from cosmic-ray interactions in the Sun using seven years of IceCube data
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 , DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/02/025
M.G. Aartsen ₁ , M. Ackermann ₂ , J. Adams ₁ , J.A. Aguilar ₃ , M. Ahlers ₄ , M. Ahrens ₅ , C. Alispach ₆ , K. Andeen ₇ , T. Anderson ₈ , I. Ansseau ₃ , G. Anton ₉ , C. Argüelles ₁₀ , J. Auffenberg ₁₁ , S. Axani ₁₀ , P. Backes ₁₁ , H. Bagherpour ₁ , X. Bai ₁₂ , A. Balagopal V. ₁₃ , A. Barbano ₆ , S.W. Barwick ₁₄ , B. Bastian ₂ , V. Baum ₁₅ , S. Baur ₃ , R. Bay ₁₆ , J.J. Beatty _{17,

18} , K.-H. Becker ₁₉ , J. Becker Tjus ₂₀ , S. BenZvi ₂₁ , D. Berley ₂₂ , E. Bernardini _{2,

23} , D.Z. Besson _{24,

25} , G. Binder _{16,

26} , D. Bindig ₁₉ , E. Blaufuss ₂₂ , S. Blot ₂ , C. Bohm ₅ , S. Böser ₁₅ , O. Botner ₂₇ , J. Böttcher ₁₁ , E. Bourbeau ₄ , J. Bourbeau ₂₈ , F. Bradascio ₂ , J. Braun ₂₈ , S. Bron ₆ , J. Brostean-Kaiser ₂ , A. Burgman ₂₇ , J. Buscher ₁₁ , R.S. Busse ₂₉ , T. Carver ₆ , C. Chen ₃₀ , E. Cheung ₂₂ , D. Chirkin ₂₈ , S. Choi ₃₁ , K. Clark ₃₂ , L. Classen ₂₉ , A. Coleman ₃₃ , G.H. Collin ₁₀ , J.M. Conrad ₁₀ , P. Coppin ₃₄ , P. Correa ₃₄ , D.F. Cowen _{8,

35} , R. Cross ₂₁ , P. Dave ₃₀ , C. De Clercq ₃₄ , J.J. DeLaunay ₈ , H. Dembinski ₃₃ , K. Deoskar ₅ , S. De Ridder ₃₆ , P. Desiati ₂₈ , K.D. de Vries ₃₄ , G. de Wasseige ₃₄ , M. de With ₃₇ , T. DeYoung ₃₈ , A. Diaz ₁₀ , J.C. Díaz-Vélez ₂₈ , H. Dujmovic ₁₃ , M. Dunkman ₈ , E. Dvorak ₁₂ , B. Eberhardt ₂₈ , T. Ehrhardt ₁₅ , P. Eller ₈ , R. Engel ₁₃ , P.A. Evenson ₃₃ , S. Fahey ₂₈ , A.R. Fazely ₃₉ , J. Felde ₂₂ , K. Filimonov ₁₆ , C. Finley ₅ , D. Fox ₃₅ , A. Franckowiak ₂ , E. Friedman ₂₂ , A. Fritz ₁₅ , T.K. Gaisser ₃₃ , J. Gallagher ₄₀ , E. Ganster ₁₁ , S. Garrappa ₂ , L. Gerhardt ₂₆ , K. Ghorbani ₂₈ , T. Glauch ₄₁ , T. Glüsenkamp ₉ , A. Goldschmidt ₂₆ , J.G. Gonzalez ₃₃ , D. Grant ₃₈ , T. Grégoire ₈ , Z. Griffith ₂₈ , S. Griswold ₂₁ , M. Günder ₁₁ , M. Gündüz ₂₀ , C. Haack ₁₁ , A. Hallgren ₂₇ , R. Halliday ₃₈ , L. Halve ₁₁ , F. Halzen ₂₈ , K. Hanson ₂₈ , A. Haungs ₁₃ , D. Hebecker ₃₇ , D. Heereman ₃ , P. Heix ₁₁ , K. Helbing ₁₉ , R. Hellauer ₂₂ , F. Henningsen ₄₁ , S. Hickford ₁₉ , J. Hignight ₄₂ , G.C. Hill ₄₃ , K.D. Hoffman ₂₂ , R. Hoffmann ₁₉ , T. Hoinka ₄₄ , B. Hokanson-Fasig ₂₈ , K. Hoshina _{28,

45} , F. Huang ₈ , M. Huber ₄₁ , T. Huber _{2,

13} , K. Hultqvist ₅ , M. Hünnefeld ₄₄ , R. Hussain ₂₈ , S. In ₃₁ , N. Iovine ₃ , A. Ishihara ₄₆ , G.S. Japaridze ₄₇ , M. Jeong ₃₁ , K. Jero ₂₈ , B.J.P. Jones ₄₈ , F. Jonske ₁₁ , R. Joppe ₁₁ , D. Kang ₁₃ , W. Kang ₃₁ , A. Kappes ₂₉ , D. Kappesser ₁₅ , T. Karg ₂ , M. Karl ₄₁ , A. Karle ₂₈ , U. Katz ₉ , M. Kauer ₂₈ , J.L. Kelley ₂₈ , A. Kheirandish ₂₈ , J. Kim ₃₁ , T. Kintscher ₂ , J. Kiryluk ₄₉ , T. Kittler ₉ , S.R. Klein _{16,

26} , R. Koirala ₃₃ , H. Kolanoski ₃₇ , L. Köpke ₁₅ , C. Kopper ₃₈ , S. Kopper ₅₀ , D.J. Koskinen ₄ , M. Kowalski _{2,

37} , K. Krings ₄₁ , G. Krückl ₁₅ , N. Kulacz ₄₂ , N. Kurahashi ₅₁ , A. Kyriacou ₄₃ , J.L. Lanfranchi ₈ , M.J. Larson ₂₂ , F. Lauber ₁₉ , J.P. Lazar ₂₈ , K. Leonard ₂₈ , A. Leszczy&nacute;ska ₁₃ , M. Leuermann ₁₁ , Q.R. Liu ₂₈ , E. Lohfink ₁₅ , C.J. Lozano Mariscal ₂₉ , L. Lu ₄₆ , F. Lucarelli ₆ , J. Lünemann ₃₄ , W. Luszczak ₂₈ , Y. Lyu _{16,

26} , W.Y. Ma ₂ , J. Madsen ₅₂ , G. Maggi ₃₄ , K.B. M. Mahn ₃₈ , Y. Makino ₄₆ , P. Mallik ₁₁ , K. Mallot ₂₈ , S. Mancina ₂₈ , I.C. Mari&scedil; ₃ , R. Maruyama ₅₃ , K. Mase ₄₆ , R. Maunu ₂₂ , F. McNally ₅₄ , K. Meagher ₂₈ , M. Medici ₄ , A. Medina ₁₈ , M. Meier ₄₄ , S. Meighen-Berger ₄₁ , G. Merino ₂₈ , T. Meures ₃ , J. Micallef ₃₈ , D. Mockler ₃ , G. Momenté ₁₅ , T. Montaruli ₆ , R.W. Moore ₄₂ , R. Morse ₂₈ , M. Moulai ₁₀ , P. Muth ₁₁ , R. Nagai ₄₆ , U. Naumann ₁₉ , G. Neer ₃₈ , H. Niederhausen ₄₁ , M.U. Nisa ₃₈ , S.C. Nowicki ₃₈ , D.R. Nygren ₂₆ , A. Obertacke Pollmann ₁₉ , M. Oehler ₁₃ , A. Olivas ₂₂ , A. O'Murchadha ₃ , E. O'Sullivan ₅ , T. Palczewski _{16,

26} , H. Pandya ₃₃ , D.V. Pankova ₈ , N. Park ₂₈ , P. Peiffer ₁₅ , C. Pérez de los Heros ₂₇ , S. Philippen ₁₁ , D. Pieloth ₄₄ , E. Pinat ₃ , A. Pizzuto ₂₈ , M. Plum ₇ , A. Porcelli ₃₆ , P.B. Price ₁₆ , G.T. Przybylski ₂₆ , C. Raab ₃ , A. Raissi ₁ , M. Rameez ₄ , L. Rauch ₂ , K. Rawlins ₅₅ , I.C. Rea ₄₁ , R. Reimann ₁₁ , B. Relethford ₅₁ , M. Renschler ₁₃ , G. Renzi ₃ , E. Resconi ₄₁ , W. Rhode ₄₄ , M. Richman ₅₁ , S. Robertson ₂₆ , M. Rongen ₁₁ , C. Rott ₃₁ , T. Ruhe ₄₄ , D. Ryckbosch ₃₆ , D. Rysewyk ₃₈ , I. Safa ₂₈ , S.E. Sanchez Herrera ₃₈ , A. Sandrock ₄₄ , J. Sandroos ₁₅ , M. Santander ₅₀ , S. Sarkar ₅₆ , S. Sarkar ₄₂ , K. Satalecka ₂ , M. Schaufel ₁₁ , H. Schieler ₁₃ , P. Schlunder ₄₄ , T. Schmidt ₂₂ , A. Schneider ₂₈ , J. Schneider ₉ , F.G. Schröder _{13,

33} , L. Schumacher ₁₁ , S. Sclafani ₅₁ , D. Seckel ₃₃ , S. Seunarine ₅₂ , S. Shefali ₁₁ , M. Silva ₂₈ , R. Snihur ₂₈ , J. Soedingrekso ₄₄ , D. Soldin ₃₃ , M. Song ₂₂ , G.M. Spiczak ₅₂ , C. Spiering ₂ , J. Stachurska ₂ , M. Stamatikos ₁₈ , T. Stanev ₃₃ , R. Stein ₂ , J. Stettner ₁₁ , A. Steuer ₁₅ , T. Stezelberger ₂₆ , R.G. Stokstad ₂₆ , A. Stößl ₄₆ , N.L. Strotjohann ₂ , T. Stürwald ₁₁ , T. Stuttard ₄ , G.W. Sullivan ₂₂ , I. Taboada ₃₀ , F. Tenholt ₂₀ , S. Ter-Antonyan ₃₉ , A. Terliuk ₂ , S. Tilav ₃₃ , K. Tollefson ₃₈ , L. Tomankova ₂₀ , C. Tönnis ₅₇ , S. Toscano ₃ , D. Tosi ₂₈ , A. Trettin ₂ , M. Tselengidou ₉ , C.F. Tung ₃₀ , A. Turcati ₄₁ , R. Turcotte ₁₃ , C.F. Turley ₈ , B. Ty ₂₈ , E. Unger ₂₇ , M.A. Unland Elorrieta ₂₉ , M. Usner ₂ , J. Vandenbroucke ₂₈ , W. Van Driessche ₃₆ , D. van Eijk ₂₈ , N. van Eijndhoven ₃₄ , J. van Santen ₂ , S. Verpoest ₃₆ , M. Vraeghe ₃₆ , C. Walck ₅ , A. Wallace ₄₃ , M. Wallraff ₁₁ , N. Wandkowsky ₂₈ , T.B. Watson ₄₈ , C. Weaver ₄₂ , A. Weindl ₁₃ , M.J. Weiss ₈ , J. Weldert ₁₅ , C. Wendt ₂₈ , J. Werthebach ₂₈ , B.J. Whelan ₄₃ , N. Whitehorn ₅₈ , K. Wiebe ₁₅ , C.H. Wiebusch ₁₁ , L. Wille ₂₈ , D.R. Williams ₅₀ , L. Wills ₅₁ , M. Wolf ₄₁ , J. Wood ₂₈ , T.R. Wood ₄₂ , K. Woschnagg ₁₆ , G. Wrede ₉ , D.L. Xu ₂₈ , X.W. Xu ₃₉ , Y. Xu ₄₉ , J.P. Yanez ₄₂ , G. Yodh ₁₄ , S. Yoshida ₄₆ , T. Yuan ₂₈ , M. Zöcklein ₁₁

Affiliation

Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.
Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
Dept. of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.
III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, U.S.A.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A.
Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
Dept. of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Dept. of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A.
also at Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, U.S.A.
also at National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Moscow 115409, Russia
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.
Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
SNOLAB, 1039 Regional Road 24, Creighton Mine 9, Lively, ON, P3Y 1N2, Canada
Bartol Research Institute and Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, U.S.A.
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, U.S.A.
Dept. of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.
Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
Dept. of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
Dept. of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
Dept. of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, U.S.A.
Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207-0001, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, U.S.A.
Dept. of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A.

Cosmic-ray interactions with the solar atmosphere are expected to produce particle showers which in turn produce neutrinos from weak decays of mesons. These solar atmospheric neutrinos (SAνs) have never been observed experimentally. A detection would be an important step in understanding cosmic-ray propagation in the inner solar system and the dynamics of solar magnetic fields. SAνs also represent an irreducible background to solar dark matter searches and a detection would allow precise characterization of this background. Here, we present the first experimental search based on seven years of data collected from May 2010 to May 2017 in the austral winter with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. An unbinned likelihood analysis is performed for events reconstructed within 5 degrees of the center of the Sun. No evidence for a SAν flux is observed. After inclusion of systematic uncertainties, we set a 90% upper limit of 1.02^+0.20_−0.18·10⁻¹³ GeV⁻¹cm⁻²s⁻¹ at 1 TeV.

中文翻译：

使用七年的IceCube数据从太阳在宇宙射线相互作用中搜索中微子

预期宇宙射线与太阳大气的相互作用会产生粒子阵雨，而粒子阵雨又会因介子的弱衰变而产生中微子。这些太阳大气中微子（SAνs）从未通过实验观察到。检测将是了解宇宙射线在内部太阳系中的传播以及太阳磁场动力学的重要一步。南非νs还代表了太阳暗物质搜索的不可还原的背景，而进行检测将可以对该背景进行精确表征。在这里，我们根据IceCube Neutrino天文台在南方冬季从2010年5月至2017年5月收集的7年数据提出了第一个实验性搜索。对于在太阳中心5度以内重建的事件，执行了未绑定似然分析。没有SA的证据ν观察到通量。纳入系统不确定性后，我们将上限设置为90％1.02 ^+0.20_-0.18 ·10 ^-13 GeV ^-1厘米^-2s ^-1 在1 TeV。

更新日期：2021-02-12

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