The worldwide frontiers of research have experienced a flood of developments in advanced nanomaterials. Among these, graphene, a member of the carbon family, has now replaced many traditional materials and broadened the horizons of material chemistry, analytical chemistry, pharmaceutics, and other multidisciplinary fields. Owing to the exceptional properties of graphene, it has been widely utilized in various nanocomposites as a reinforcing material and for biosensing components. The present review serves as a familiarization for budding researchers in the materials science and analytical fields, where the use of graphene in biosensing-related applications had long been foreseen. Furthermore, we also offer a brief review of graphene’s tunable properties for biosensing. This article describes the actual mechanisms of interfaces that interact with graphene, such as immunogenic agents, bacteria, and other biomolecules. We also discuss the application of graphene-based materials to the biosensing of a range of analytes, and the challenges and future perspectives of graphene. Thus, this review gives a detailed insight into biosensing with graphene, graphene’s fundamental properties, and application perspectives.

全球研究前沿已经经历了高级纳米材料的大量发展。其中，石墨烯是碳族的一员，现已取代了许多传统材料，并拓宽了材料化学，分析化学，药物学和其他多学科领域的视野。由于石墨烯的卓越性能，它已被广泛用于各种纳米复合材料中作为增强材料和生物传感组件。本综述为材料科学和分析领域的新兴研究人员提供了熟悉的机会，早已预见到了石墨烯在生物传感相关应用中的使用。此外，我们还简要回顾了石墨烯的生物传感可调性。本文介绍了与石墨烯相互作用的界面的实际机制，例如免疫原性物质，细菌和其他生物分子。我们还将讨论基于石墨烯的材料在一系列分析物的生物传感中的应用，以及石墨烯的挑战和未来前景。因此，本综述详细介绍了石墨烯的生物传感，石墨烯的基本特性以及应用前景。