Fluctuations can induce local nematic order and extensile stress in monolayers of motile cells,Soft Matter

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Fluctuations can induce local nematic order and extensile stress in monolayers of motile cells
Soft Matter ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-2-17 , DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02027c
Farzan Vafa ₁ , Mark J Bowick , Boris I Shraiman , M Cristina Marchetti

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Recent experiments in various cell types have shown that two-dimensional tissues often display local nematic order, with evidence of extensile stresses manifest in the dynamics of topological defects. Using a mesoscopic model where tissue flow is generated by fluctuating traction forces coupled to the nematic order parameter, we show that the resulting tissue dynamics can spontaneously produce local nematic order and an extensile internal stress. A key element of the model is the assumption that in the presence of local nematic alignment, cells preferentially crawl along the nematic axis, resulting in anisotropy of fluctuations. Our work shows that activity can drive either extensile or contractile stresses in tissue, depending on the relative strength of the contractility of the cortical cytoskeleton and tractions by cells on the extracellular matrix.

中文翻译：

波动可在运动细胞的单层中诱导局部向列顺序和拉伸应激

最近在各种细胞类型中进行的实验表明，二维组织通常显示局部向列顺序，并且在拓扑缺陷的动态过程中表现出可拉伸应力。使用介观模型，其中通过波动的牵引力耦合到向列顺序参数生成组织流动，我们表明，产生的组织动力学可以自发产生局部向列顺序和可扩展的内部应力。该模型的关键要素是假设在存在局部向列对齐的情况下，细胞会优先沿向列轴爬行，从而导致波动的各向异性。我们的工作表明，活动可以驱动组织中的拉伸或收缩压力，

更新日期：2021-02-17

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