Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that show self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, and paracrine and immune regulation. As a result of these properties, the MSCs have great clinical application prospects, especially in the regeneration of injured tissues, functional reconstruction, and cell therapy. However, the transplanted MSCs are prone to ageing and apoptosis and have a difficult to control direction differentiation. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively regulate the functions of the MSCs to promote their desired effects. In recent years, it has been found that mitochondria, the main organelles responsible for energy metabolism and adenosine triphosphate production in cells, play a key role in regulating different functions of the MSCs through various mechanisms. Thus, mitochondria could act as effective targets for regulating and promoting the functions of the MSCs. In this review, we discuss the research status and current understanding of the role and mechanism of mitochondrial energy metabolism, morphology, transfer modes, and dynamics on MSC functions.

中文翻译：

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线粒体功能和能量代谢在间充质干细胞功能调节中的作用和机制

间充质干细胞（MSC）是能自我更新，多向分化以及旁分泌和免疫调节的多能细胞。由于这些特性，MSC具有广阔的临床应用前景，特别是在受伤组织的再生，功能重建和细胞治疗方面。然而，移植的MSC易于老化和凋亡，并且难以控制方向分化。因此，有必要有效地调节MSC的功能以促进其期望的效果。近年来，已经发现线粒体是负责能量代谢和细胞中三磷酸腺苷产生的主要细胞器，它通过各种机制在调节MSC的不同功能中起关键作用。因此，线粒体可以作为调节和促进MSC功能的有效靶点。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了线粒体能量代谢的作用和机制，形态学，转移模式以及对MSC功能的动力学的研究现状和当前的了解。