Studies reported a strong impact on mental health during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March to June, 2020. In this study, we assessed the impact of the pandemic on mental health in general and on schizoptypal traits in two independent general population samples of the UK (May sample N: 239, October sample N: 126; participation at both timepoints: 21) and in two independent general population samples of Germany (May sample N: 543, October sample N: 401; participation at both timepoints: 100) using online surveys. Whereas general psychological symptoms (global symptom index, GSI) and percentage of responders above clinical cut-off for further psychological investigation were higher in the May sample compared to the October sample, schizotypy scores (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire) were higher in the October sample. We investigated potential associations, using general linear regression models (GLM). For schizotypy scores, we found that loneliness, use of drugs, and financial burden were more strongly corrected with schizotypy in the October compared to the May sample. We identified similar associations for GSI, as for schizotypy scores, in the May and October samples. We furthermore found that living in the UK was related to higher schizotypal scores or GSI. However, individual estimates of the GLM are highly comparable between the two countries. In conclusion, this study shows that while the general psychological impact is lower in the October than the May sample, potentially showing a normative response to an exceptional situation; schizotypy scores are higher at the second timepoint, which may be due to a stronger impact of estimates of loneliness, drug use, and financial burden. The ongoing, exceptional circumstances within this pandemic might increase the risk for developing psychosis in some individuals. The development of general psychological symptoms and schizotypy scores over time requires further attention and investigation.

中文翻译：

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针对 2020 年 5 月和 10 月的独立样本，COVID-19 大流行对德国和英国精神分裂症和一般心理健康的主观影响

研究报告称，在 2020 年 3 月至 6 月的第一波 COVID-19 大流行期间，对心理健康产生了强烈影响。在这项研究中，我们评估了大流行对总体心理健康和两个独立一般人群的精神分裂症特征的影响英国的样本（5 月样本 N：239，10 月样本 N：126；两个时间点的参与情况：21）和德国的两个独立一般人群样本（5 月样本 N：543，10 月样本 N：401；两个时间点的参与情况） : 100) 使用在线调查。与 10 月样本相比，5 月样本中的一般心理症状（全球症状指数，GSI）和高于临床截止值以进行进一步心理调查的应答者百分比更高，而 10 月样本中的分裂型分数（分裂型人格问卷）更高。我们使用一般线性回归模型 (GLM) 调查了潜在关联。对于分裂型评分，我们发现与 5 月的样本相比，10 月的分裂型对孤独感、药物使用和经济负担的校正更强烈。我们在 5 月和 10 月的样本中确定了 GSI 的类似关联，如分裂型评分。我们进一步发现，住在英国与较高的分裂型分数或 GSI 相关。然而，GLM 的个人估计在两国之间具有高度可比性。总之，这项研究表明，虽然 10 月份的总体心理影响低于 5 月份的样本，但可能显示出对特殊情况的规范反应；分裂型分数在第二个时间点更高，这可能是由于孤独估计的影响更大，吸毒和经济负担。这种大流行中持续的特殊情况可能会增加某些人患精神病的风险。随着时间的推移，一般心理症状和分裂型评分的发展需要进一步关注和调查。