Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important legume crop with high commercial value widely cultivated globally. Thus, the genetic characterization of the existing soybean germplasm will provide useful information for enhanced conservation, improvement and future utilization. This study aimed to assess the extent of genetic diversity of soybean elite breeding lines and varieties developed by the soybean breeding programme of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The genetic diversity of 65 soybean genotypes was studied using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The result revealed that 2446 alleles were detected, and the indicators for allelic richness and diversity had good differentiating power in assessing the diversity of the genotypes. The three complementary approaches used in the study grouped the germplasm into three major clusters based on genetic relatedness. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that 71% (P < 0.001) variation was due to among individual genotypes, while 11% (P < 0.001) was ascribed to differences among the three clusters, and the fixation index (FST) was 0.11 for the SNP loci, signifying moderate genetic differentiation among the genotypes. The identified private alleles indicate that the soybean germplasm contains diverse variability that is yet to be exploited. The SNP markers revealed high diversity in the studied germplasm and found to be efficient for assessing genetic diversity in the crop. These results provide valuable information that might be utilized for assessing the genetic variability of soybean and other legume crops germplasm by breeding programmes.

中文翻译：

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使用单核苷酸多态性标记评估热带大豆 (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) 品种和优良育种系的多样性

黄豆（最大甘氨酸(L.) Merr.) 是一种重要的豆科作物，具有很高的商业价值，在全球广泛种植。因此，现有大豆种质的遗传特征将为加强保护、改良和未来利用提供有用的信息。本研究旨在评估由尼日利亚伊巴丹国际热带农业研究所 (IITA) 的大豆育种计划开发的大豆优良育种品系和品种的遗传多样性程度。使用单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记研究了 65 种大豆基因型的遗传多样性。结果表明，共检测到2446个等位基因，等位基因丰富度和多样性指标在评估基因型多样性方面具有良好的区分能力。研究中使用的三种互补方法根据遗传相关性将种质分为三大类。分子方差分析显示，71% (磷< 0.001) 变异是由于个体基因型之间的差异，而 11% (磷< 0.001) 归因于三个集群之间的差异，而注视指数 (F英石) 为 SNP 基因座的 0.11，表示基因型之间的中等遗传分化。已鉴定的私有等位基因表明大豆种质包含尚未开发的多种变异性。SNP标记揭示了所研究种质的高度多样性，并发现可有效评估作物的遗传多样性。这些结果提供了有价值的信息，可用于通过育种计划评估大豆和其他豆科作物种质的遗传变异性。