Bessel, Bessel-Gauss, and Gaussian beams have widely been investigated in optics in the paraxial approximation, under the frame of a scalar wave theory. Such approximations can hardly be applied in the microwave/millimeter-wave range, where the vectorial nature of the electromagnetic fields cannot be neglected, and experimental realizations for some of these beams appeared only recently. In this work, we discuss the generation of Bessel, Bessel-Gauss, and Gaussian beams through a fully vectorial electromagnetic approach. The field derivation of all these beams is first illustrated and numerical evaluations are then reported to compare their different propagation and diffractive behaviors. Finally, an innovative approach for realizing such solutions with planar microwave devices exploiting leaky waves is demonstrated through accurate numerical simulations.

中文翻译：

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贝塞尔、贝塞尔-高斯和高斯光束的微波合成：全矢量电磁方法

在标量波理论的框架下，贝塞尔、贝塞尔-高斯和高斯光束在近轴近似的光学中得到了广泛的研究。这种近似几乎不能应用于微波/毫米波范围，其中电磁场的矢量性质不容忽视，其中一些光束的实验实现直到最近才出现。在这项工作中，我们讨论了通过完全矢量电磁方法生成贝塞尔、贝塞尔-高斯和高斯光束。首先说明所有这些光束的场推导，然后报告数值评估以比较它们的不同传播和衍射行为。最后，