Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) continues to be one of the most widely distributed chronic infectious diseases of zoonotic importance, which causes a significant economic loss in animal production. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bTB and its associated risk factors and type the Mycobacterium bovis isolated in central Ethiopia. A total of 65 dairy farms and 654 cattle were tested for bTB using a single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test. Data on farm management, animal-related characteristics, and the owner's knowledge of the zoonotic importance of bTB were collected using a structured questionnaire. In addition, a total of 16 animals from different farms were identified for postmortem examination. Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) culture was also conducted, and spoligotyping was used to type the M. bovis strains isolated. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were used to analyze the herd- and animal-level risk factors. Herd- and animal-level prevalence rates of bTB were 58.5% (95% CI: 46.2%−69.2%) and 39.3% (95% CI: 35.5%−43.5%), respectively. At the herd level, poor farm management was the predictor for bTB positivity (p < 0.05). Animal breed, poor BCS, farm type, and poor farm management conditions were significant predictors of bTB positivity (p < 0.05) at an individual animal level. All animals identified for postmortem examination were found to have gross TB-like lesions. A total of 14 M. bovis strains were identified from 12 animals that were positive for LJ culture. The strain with the largest number of clusters (five isolates) was SB1176, followed by SB0134 (three isolates), SB0192 (two isolates), and SB2233 (two isolates), and two new strains, each consisting of only one isolate. The majority (58.5%) of the respondents did not know the zoonotic importance of bTB. The result of this study showed a high prevalence of bTB in the Addis Ababa milkshed and a low level of consciousness of the owners on its transmission to humans. Therefore, the launching of acceptable control measures of bTB and the creation of public awareness about its zoonotic transmission and prevention measures are required.

牛结核病 (bTB) 仍然是分布最广的具有人畜共患重要性的慢性传染病之一，导致动物生产的重大经济损失。进行了一项横断面研究以估计 bTB 的患病率及其相关危险因素，并确定牛分枝杆菌孤立于埃塞俄比亚中部。使用单次皮内比较宫颈结核菌素 (SICCT) 试验对总共 65 个奶牛场和 654 头牛进行了 bTB 检测。使用结构化问卷收集农场管理、动物相关特征和所有者对 bTB 的人畜共患重要性的知识的数据。此外，共鉴定了来自不同农场的 16 只动物进行尸检。还进行了 Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) 培养，并使用 spoligotyping 对牛分枝杆菌菌株分离。卡方检验和逻辑回归模型用于分析畜群和动物水平的风险因素。bTB 的畜群和动物水平流行率分别为 58.5% (95% CI: 46.2%−69.2%) 和 39.3% (95% CI: 35.5%−43.5%)。在畜群层面，农场管理不善是 bTB 阳性的预测因素（磷< 0.05)。动物品种、BCS 差、农场类型和农场管理条件差是 bTB 阳性的重要预测因素。磷< 0.05) 在个体动物水平。发现所有用于尸检的动物都具有明显的结核样病变。共有 14 个牛分枝杆菌从 LJ 培养阳性的 12 只动物中鉴定出菌株。簇数最多的菌株（5 个分离株）是 SB1176，其次是 SB0134（3 个分离株）、SB0192（2 个分离株）和 SB2233（2 个分离株），以及两个新菌株，每个菌株仅由一个分离株组成。大多数 (58.5%) 的受访者不知道 bTB 的人畜共患病重要性。这项研究的结果表明，亚的斯亚贝巴奶牛场中 bTB 的流行率很高，而所有者对其传播给人类的意识水平较低。因此，需要启动可接受的 bTB 控制措施，并提高公众对其人畜共患病传播和预防措施的认识。