This paper presents new high-frequency data on trade policy changes targeting medical and food products since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, documenting how countries used trade policy instruments in response to the health crisis on a week-by-week basis. The data set reveals a rapid increase in trade policy activism in February and March 2020 in tandem with the rise in COVID-19 cases but also uncovers extensive heterogeneity across countries in both their use of trade policy and the types of measures used. Some countries acted to restrict exports and facilitate imports, others targeted only one of these margins, and many did not use trade policy at all. The observed heterogeneity suggests numerous research questions on the drivers of trade policy responses to COVID-19, on the effects of these measures on trade and prices of critical products, and on the role of trade agreements in influencing the use of trade policy.

中文翻译：

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应对 COVID-19 大流行危机的贸易政策：来自新数据集的证据

本文介绍了自 COVID-19 大流行开始以来针对医疗和食品产品的贸易政策变化的新高频数据，每周记录各国如何使用贸易政策工具应对健康危机。该数据集显示，随着 COVID-19 病例的增加，贸易政策激进主义在 2020 年 2 月和 3 月迅速增加，但也揭示了各国在贸易政策的使用和所使用的措施类型方面存在广泛的异质性。一些国家采取行动限制出口并促进进口，另一些国家只针对其中一种利润，而且许多国家根本没有使用贸易政策。观察到的异质性表明了许多关于贸易政策应对 COVID-19 驱动因素的研究问题，