The article aims to contribute to the discussion on the causes and the trajectories of the process of industrialization and economic development between the 18th and the 19th centuries. Focusing on the case study of the Lombard Alpine area, it will test the usefulness of the concept of uneven and combined development (UCD) in order to better understand the process of economic growth. The Alpine case study is particularly interesting because, in some Lombard Valleys, it involves a shift from a very advanced economy in the Early Modern period to a demographic and economic collapse from the mid-19th century onward, when in contrast, other mountain territories in the Italian area were moving towards industrialization.

中文翻译：

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伦巴第阿尔卑斯山的 19 世纪：未实现的工业化承诺

本文旨在为讨论 18 世纪和 19 世纪工业化和经济发展过程的原因和轨迹做出贡献。以伦巴第高山地区的案例研究为重点，检验不平衡与联合发展（UCD）概念的实用性，以更好地理解经济增长的过程。阿尔卑斯山的案例研究特别有趣，因为在一些伦巴第山谷，它涉及从近代早期非常发达的经济转变为 19 世纪中期以后的人口和经济崩溃，相比之下，其他山区领土意大利地区正在走向工业化。