Research on foreign policy change claims leaders seek to restructure their country's foreign relations when internal and external opportunity structures are permissive. However, a number of prominent efforts at achieving change have occurred during times of considerable domestic upheaval and rigid international constraints. To understand why, this article examines three well-known cases of Cold War foreign policy change, focusing on the external relations of Charles de Gaulle in France, John G. Diefenbaker in Canada, and Willy Brandt in West Germany. These cases suggest that domestic upheaval and foreign policy change were inextricably interwoven and that efforts to effect strategic change on a grand scale were motivated by a desire to respond to the demands of marginalized domestic constituencies without incurring the costs of domestic reform. Our analysis suggests key moments of international change are best understood as domestic incorporation strategies rather than instances of significant and principled foreign policy change.

中文翻译：

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缓和的国内根源：冷战期间的国家—社会关系与外交政策变迁

对外交政策变化的研究声称，当内部和外部机会结构允许时，领导人会寻求重组其国家的外交关系。然而，在国内剧烈动荡和国际严格限制的时期，发生了许多实现变革的突出努力。为了理解原因，本文考察了三个著名的冷战外交政策变化案例，重点关注法国戴高乐、加拿大约翰·G·迪芬贝克和西德威利·勃兰特的对外关系。这些案例表明，国内剧变和外交政策变化密不可分，大规模实施战略变革的动机是希望在不增加国内改革成本的情况下回应边缘化国内选民的需求。