Abstract

Hexavalent chromium among the chromium containing compounds is the most harmful and potentially toxic, imparts severe hazard to humans besides plants, including the entire environment. There have been found many bacterial, algal, fungal and plant species that can thrive and grow under this Cr (VI) stress. These organisms have evolved to employ different strategies to reduce the effects of Cr (VI) toxicity. Generally, strategies like biosorption, biotransformation, use of various enzymes like chromate reductase, uptake and metabolize Cr (VI) through membrane transport, conversion of Cr (VI) to Cr (III), a potentially non-toxic state and discharging these metals from the cells into the surrounding environment after reduction are applied to detoxify the effects produced by Cr (VI). Therefore, this review article focuses on the various bioremediation procedures adopted by different organisms with a view into the molecular aspects and the genetic background manipulation behind these bioremediation strategies.

摘要

六价铬在含铬化合物中危害最大，具有潜在毒性，对植物以外的人类，包括整个环境都具有严重危害。已经发现许多细菌、藻类、真菌和植物物种可以在这种 Cr (VI) 胁迫下茁壮成长。这些生物已经进化为采用不同的策略来减少 Cr (VI) 毒性的影响。通常，诸如生物吸附、生物转化、使用各种酶（如铬酸盐还原酶）、通过膜转运吸收和代谢 Cr (VI)、将 Cr (VI) 转化为潜在无毒状态的 Cr (III) 并将这些金属从还原后进入周围环境的细胞被用于解毒Cr（VI）产生的作用。因此，