ABSTRACT

A good color description starts with the availability of accurate color-matching functions (CMFs) or cone fundamentals (CF). Recent work indicates a discrepancy between visual metamers and those calculated using the standard CIE CMFs or other CMF sets, especially for narrowband sources. In the current study, 54 observers (varying in age, gender, ethnicity, and eye color) performed a series of achromatic color-matching experiments with a 10° stimulus using eight different narrowband primaries under an immersive, perceptually neutral (4673 K) viewing conditions. The reference stimulus was provided by a 70 cd/m² gray (4613 K) card illuminated by a spectrally broadband light source. The results confirm that substantial and significant differences between experimental and calculated metamers exist, particularly when a short wavelength primary (404 nm) is included and especially for the CIE 1931 2° CMFs. It is found that the primary set characterized by the peak wavelengths 636 nm, 521 nm, and 447 nm, which are close to those of typical RGB primaries widely used in industry, results in the most stable matching performance across all CMF sets. Finally, in addition to the impact of primary wavelength and CMF set, the potential effect of age, gender, ethnicity, and eye color has also been investigated. The effect of age on the color matches is found to be significant and is due to differences in spectral sensitivity of young and old observers with respect to the blue primary; the impact of observer gender, ethnicity, and eye color, on color-matching accuracy is not significant.

摘要

良好的颜色描述始于准确的颜色匹配函数 (CMF) 或锥形基础 (CF) 的可用性。最近的工作表明视觉同色异谱与使用标准 CIE CMF 或其他 CMF 集计算的视觉同色异谱之间存在差异，尤其是对于窄带源。在当前的研究中，54 名观察者（年龄、性别、种族和眼睛颜色各不相同）在沉浸式、感知中性 (4673 K) 观看下使用八种不同的窄带原色进行了一系列具有 10° 刺激的消色差颜色匹配实验条件。参考刺激由 70 cd/m ^2提供由光谱宽带光源照亮的灰色 (4613 K) 卡。结果证实，实验和计算的同分异构体之间存在实质性和显着差异，特别是当包括短波长原色 (404 nm) 时，特别是对于 CIE 1931 2° CMF。结果发现，以峰值波长 636 nm、521 nm 和 447 nm 为特征的主组与工业中广泛使用的典型 RGB 原色接近，在所有 CMF 组中产生最稳定的匹配性能。最后，除了主要波长和 CMF 设置的影响外，还研究了年龄、性别、种族和眼睛颜色的潜在影响。年龄对颜色匹配的影响被发现是显着的，这是由于年轻和年老的观察者对蓝色原色的光谱敏感度存在差异；观察者性别、种族和眼睛颜色对颜色匹配准确性的影响并不显着。