Abstract

A better description of airborne transmission routes of viruses that are responsible for nosocomial infections requires efficient and accurate sampling methods that allow the preservation of viral integrity and infectivity. The aim of this project was to compare the virus collection efficiency of traditional filter sampling using cassettes with water-based condensation sampling through laminar flow. Bacteriophages MS2, PhiX174, Phi6, and PR772 as well as an influenza virus were nebulized in an aerosol chamber. Bioaerosols were simultaneously collected on polycarbonate (PC) filters (0.8 μm pore diameter) loaded into 37-mm closed-face cassettes (CFCs) and with a condensation-based sampler (Spot Sampler™) which collected bioaerosols in a liquid buffer. Concentrations of bacteriophages and influenza were analyzed at two different sampling times (60 min and 4 h) both by culture (infectivity preservation) and qPCR (efficiency of recovery) to compare the performance of the two samplers. PhiX174 showed better recovery with the Spot Sampler™ for both sampling times and PR 772 showed better relative genome recovery with CFC sampling after 60 min. In addition, use of the Spot Sampler™ led to better preservation of infectivity for all the viruses including influenza, with the exception of phage MS2 after 4 h of sampling. In future work, the Spot Sampler™ could be tested in hospital environments to better understand airborne transmission routes of viruses, or in in-vitro setups to assess the efficiency of virucidal air treatment.

Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research

摘要

更好地描述引起医院感染的病毒的空气传播途径，需要有效而准确的采样方法，以保持病毒的完整性和感染性。该项目的目的是比较使用盒式磁带的传统过滤器采样和通过层流进行的水基冷凝采样的病毒收集效率。在气雾室中雾化了噬菌体MS2，PhiX174，Phi6和PR772以及流感病毒。同时将生物气溶胶收集在装入37毫米闭口盒（CFC）的聚碳酸酯（PC）过滤器（孔径为0.8μm）中，并使用基于冷凝的采样器（Spot Sampler™）收集，该采样器将生物气溶胶收集在液体缓冲液中。通过培养（感染保存）和qPCR（回收效率），在两个不同的采样时间（60分钟和4小时）分析了噬菌体和流感的浓度，以比较两个采样器的性能。在60分钟后，PhiX174在两个采样时间内都使用Spot Sampler™表现出更好的回收率，而PR 772在CFC采样中表现出更好的相对基因组回收率。此外，使用Spot Sampler™可以更好地保留包括流感在内的所有病毒的感染性，但采样4小时后噬菌体MS2除外。在将来的工作中，可以在医院环境中对Spot Sampler™进行测试，以更好地了解病毒的空中传播途径，或者在 在60分钟后，PhiX174在两个采样时间内都使用Spot Sampler™表现出更好的恢复，而PR 772在CFC采样下表现出更好的相对基因组恢复。此外，使用Spot Sampler™可以更好地保留包括流感在内的所有病毒的感染性，但采样4小时后噬菌体MS2除外。在将来的工作中，可以在医院环境中对Spot Sampler™进行测试，以更好地了解病毒的空中传播途径，或者在 在60分钟后，PhiX174在两个采样时间内都使用Spot Sampler™表现出更好的回收率，而PR 772在CFC采样中表现出更好的相对基因组回收率。此外，使用Spot Sampler™可以更好地保留包括流感在内的所有病毒的感染性，但采样4小时后噬菌体MS2除外。在将来的工作中，可以在医院环境中对Spot Sampler™进行测试，以更好地了解病毒的空中传播途径，或者在体外设置以评估杀灭性空气处理的效率。

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