Soil pollution by microplastics (MPs, 0.1 μm ~ 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs, ≤0.1 μm) has drawn much attention in recent years due to its potential ecological and human health risks; however, there are very limited studies and a general lack of consensus regarding the transport and transformation of MPs/NPs in soil environment. This review critically discusses the environmental behaviour of soil MPs/NPs, including the homo-aggregation or hetero-aggregation with other particles, sorption of pollutants and the photoaging process. The physicochemical property change of aggregated and aged MPs and its effect on the transport of other pollutants in soil has also been reviewed. Critical factors that affect the fate of MPs/NPs, including the physicochemical properties of MPs/NPs, physicochemical properties of soil and environmental factors, are reviewed to understand the latest progress in the environmental behaviour of soil MPs. Finally, we identify important research gaps, which include standard uniformity of quantification method, transformation mechanism elucidation and long-term field studies. The review provides an overview of current findings for transport and transformation of MPs/NPs in natural soil environment and gives comments for future work.

中文翻译：

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微生物和纳米塑料在土壤环境中的运输和转化：关键评论

近年来，由于其潜在的生态和人类健康风险，由微塑料（MPs，0.1μm〜5 mm）和纳米塑料（NPs，≤0.1μm）引起的土壤污染备受关注。然而，关于MPs / NPs在土壤环境中的运输和转化的研究非常有限，普遍缺乏共识。这篇评论批评性地讨论了土壤MPs / NPs的环境行为，包括与其他颗粒的均质聚集或异质聚集，污染物的吸附和光老化过程。还对聚集的和老化的MP的理化性质变化及其对土壤中其他污染物迁移的影响进行了综述。影响MPs / NPs命运的关键因素，包括MPs / NPs的理化特性，土壤的理化特性和环境因素，进行了审查，以了解土壤MP的环境行为的最新进展。最后，我们确定了重要的研究空白，包括定量方法的标准统一性，转化机理的阐明和长期的现场研究。审查概述了在自然土壤环境中MPs / NPs的运输和转化的当前发现，并对今后的工作提出了意见。