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Global meta‐analysis reveals incomplete recovery of soil conditions and invertebrate assemblages after ecological restoration in agricultural landscapes
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13852 Tina Parkhurst 1, 2 , Suzanne M Prober 2, 3 , Richard J Hobbs 3 , Rachel J Standish 1
中文翻译：
全球荟萃分析显示，在农业景观生态恢复之后，土壤条件和无脊椎动物组合的恢复不完全
更新日期：2021-03-16
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13852 Tina Parkhurst 1, 2 , Suzanne M Prober 2, 3 , Richard J Hobbs 3 , Rachel J Standish 1
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- Restoration of old fields in agricultural landscapes has become increasingly important for conservation of species and their habitats owing to habitat destruction and rapid environmental change. Studies examining the outcomes of old field restoration predominantly focus on plant, and sometimes, vertebrate communities. Fewer studies have systematically investigated the effects of restoration efforts on soil properties or ground‐dwelling invertebrates and there is limited synthesis of these data.
- We conducted a global meta‐analysis of published studies to assess the effects of old field restoration on soil properties and soil invertebrate abundance and richness. We anticipated increased vegetation cover would improve soil properties towards reference condition and in turn, this would promote invertebrate abundance and richness. Studies were included if field sites had a history of cropping or livestock grazing.
- We identified 42 studies (1994–2019) from 16 countries that met our criteria. More studies assessed passive restoration methods than active planting, and native species were more commonly planted than exotic species.
- Results showed that restoration improved soil conditions with respect to total nitrogen, magnesium, soil carbon, bulk density and porosity when compared to controls; however, conditions similar to those in reference ecosystems were generally not achieved, even 50+ years after restoration had been initiated. Moderator analyses showed few significant tends, however, bulk density improved with age, and in passively restored versus reference ecosystems. Outcomes for soil carbon and bulk density were most predominant in the top soil when compared to the degraded ecosystem. We detected no consistent trends for the effect of restoration on soil invertebrate richness and abundance compared to the control or reference ecosystems.
- Synthesis and applications. Our global meta‐analysis found strong evidence that old field restoration in agricultural landscapes had positive effects on soil condition but did not lead to full recovery when compared to a reference ecosystem. We detected few and idiosyncratic effects for invertebrates. Further research is needed to understand effects of restoration on soil invertebrate functional groups and to develop management interventions that accelerate the restoration of soil condition.
中文翻译：
全球荟萃分析显示，在农业景观生态恢复之后，土壤条件和无脊椎动物组合的恢复不完全
- 由于生境的破坏和环境的迅速变化，恢复农业景观中的旧田地对于保护物种及其生境变得越来越重要。检验旧田野恢复结果的研究主要集中在植物群落上，有时还集中在脊椎动物群落上。很少有研究系统地研究了恢复工作对土壤特性或地面无脊椎动物的影响，而这些数据的综合报道有限。
- 我们对已发表的研究进行了全球荟萃分析，以评估旧田间恢复对土壤性质以及土壤无脊椎动物的丰度和丰富度的影响。我们预计增加植被覆盖度将改善土壤特性，使其达到参考条件，进而提高无脊椎动物的丰度和丰富度。如果田间地点有种植或放牧的历史，则包括在内的研究。
- 我们确定了来自16个国家的42项研究（1994-2019年）符合我们的标准。与主动种植相比，更多的研究评估了被动恢复方法，而本土物种比外来物种更普遍被种植。
- 结果表明，与对照相比，恢复能够改善土壤条件，包括总氮，镁，土壤碳，容重和孔隙率。但是，即使恢复已经启动了50多年，通常也无法达到与参考生态系统相似的条件。主持人的分析表明，几乎没有明显的趋势，但是，体积密度随着年龄的增长以及相对于参考生态系统的被动恢复而有所提高。与退化的生态系统相比，土壤碳和容重的结果在表层土壤中最主要。与对照或参考生态系统相比，我们没有发现恢复对土壤无脊椎动物丰富度和丰度影响的一致趋势。
- 综合与应用。我们的全球荟萃分析发现有力的证据表明，与参考生态系统相比，农业景观中的旧田地恢复对土壤状况具有积极影响，但并未导致全面恢复。我们几乎没有发现无脊椎动物的特质效应。需要进一步的研究来了解恢复对土壤无脊椎动物功能群的影响，并制定管理干预措施以加速土壤条件的恢复。
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