Often people who may not personally express racist beliefs nevertheless have a passive orientation to racism and tolerate racist statements and acts by others. We examine individual differences in willingness to accept racist views or acts in others, labelled tolerance of racism (TOR), in four online survey studies (total N = 2,008). We demonstrate that TOR is distinct from, although correlated with, established forms of bias, such as symbolic and modern racism and social dominance orientation, which measure bias toward marginalized groups rather than tolerance of people who express racism (typically members of dominant groups). Across studies, results indicate that Whites exhibited higher TOR than did people of color, although Black, Latinx, and other people of color still exhibit considerable TOR. Further, people high in TOR minimized the severity of racist acts and were less likely to confront them. They also expressed less concern about current events reflecting racial discrimination and hate and less support for the Black Lives Matter movement, which challenges societal racism. Thus, TOR reflects a passive orientation to racism that influences interpersonal behavior as well as views of macro-level discrimination, leading to the perpetuation of racial inequality.

中文翻译：

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种族主义容忍度：预测无法识别和对抗种族主义的新结构

通常，可能不会亲自表达种族主义信仰的人对种族主义持消极态度，并容忍他人的种族主义言论和行为。我们检查愿意接受种族主义的观点个体差异或作用于他人，标记的种族主义公差（TOR），四个在线调查研究（总ñ = 2,008）。我们证明 TOR 与既定形式的偏见不同，尽管与之相关，例如象征性和现代种族主义以及社会支配取向，后者衡量对边缘化群体的偏见，而不是对表达种族主义的人（通常是统治群体的成员）的容忍度。跨研究，结果表明白人表现出比有色人种更高的 TOR，尽管黑人、拉丁裔和其他有色人种仍然表现出相当大的 TOR。此外，TOR 高的人将种族主义行为的严重程度降至最低，并且不太可能面对这些行为。他们还对反映种族歧视和仇恨的当前事件表示较少关注，也较少支持挑战社会种族主义的“黑人的命也是命”运动。因此，