Psychological ownership defines how we behave in and interact with the social world and the objects around us. Shared Augmented Reality (shared AR) may challenge conventional understanding of psychological ownership because virtual objects created by one user in a social place are available for other participants to see, interact with, and edit. Moreover, confusion may arise when one user attaches a virtual object in a shared AR environment onto the physical object that is owned by a different user. The goal of this study is to investigate tensions around psychological ownership in shared AR. Drawing on prior work, we developed a conceptualization of psychological ownership in shared AR in terms of five underlying dimensions: possession, control, identity, responsibility, and territoriality. We studied several shared AR scenarios through a laboratory experiment that was intended to highlight normative tensions. We divided participants into pairs, whereby one participant in each pair created the virtual object (object-creator) and placed it over the other person's (space proprietor) physical object or space. We recorded participants’ perceptions of psychological ownership along the 5 dimensions through surveys and interviews. Our results reveal that the paired participants failed to form a mutual understanding of ownership over the virtual objects. In addition, the introduction of virtual objects called into question participants’ sense of psychological ownership over the physical articles to which the virtual objects were attached. Building on our results, we offer a set of design principles for shared AR environments, intended specifically to alleviate psychological ownership-related concerns. Herein, we also discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice in this field.

心理所有权定义了我们在社交世界和我们周围的物体中如何表现并与之互动。共享的增强现实（共享的AR）可能会挑战对心理所有权的传统理解，因为一个用户在社交场所创建的虚拟对象可供其他参与者查看，交互和编辑。此外，当一个用户将共享的AR环境中的虚拟对象附加到另一用户拥有的物理对象上时，可能会引起混乱。这项研究的目的是调查共享AR中围绕心理所有权的紧张关系。借鉴先前的工作，我们从五个基本方面对共享AR中的心理所有权进行了概念化：占有，控制，身份，责任和领土性。我们通过实验室实验研究了几种共享的AR场景，旨在强调规范性张力。我们将参与者分成几对，每对参与者中的一个参与者创建了虚拟对象（对象创建者），并将其放置在另一人（空间所有者）的物理对象或空间上。我们通过问卷调查和访谈记录了参与者在5个维度上的心理归属感。我们的结果表明，配对的参与者未能形成对虚拟对象所有权的相互理解。另外，虚拟对象的引入使参与者对虚拟对象所附着的物理物品的心理归属感产生了疑问。基于我们的结果，我们为共享的AR环境提供了一套设计原则，旨在减轻与心理所有权有关的担忧。在此，我们还将讨论我们的发现对这一领域的研究和实践的意义。