Abstract

The models of prebiotic evolution studied by the author are characterized: (1) the quasispecies model, (2) the hypercycle model, and (3) the syser model. The quasispecies model was proposed by Manfred Eigen. This model describes the evolution of a population of RNA macromolecules that can encode hereditary information. During the reproduction of RNA molecules, the inherited information is copied. Errors in the copying process lead to RNA mutations. The evolution of such a population leads to the selection of a quasispecies. The quasispecies is such a distribution of RNA chains that include both the “best RNA” (that is reproducing at maximal speed) and similar RNA chains that differ slightly from this best RNA by mutational substitutions. The hypercycle model was proposed in the late 1970s by Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster. The hypercycle includes both RNA chains and amino acid chains, which perform certain catalytic functions. Both types of chains form a system of cooperatively interacting macromolecules. The syser model was proposed by Vadim Ratner and Vladimir Shamin. The term syser is abbreviation of “system of self-reproduction.” A syser includes the polynucleotide chain, replication enzyme, translation enzyme, and other enzymes/proteins. Also noted is the stochastic-correlator model, which, like the syser model, characterizes a certain approach to real biological cells. The syser model and the stochastic correlator model are compared. This study characterizes all of the noted models. A brief mathematical description of the models and the main results of computer simulations corresponding to the models are presented.

中文翻译：

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益生元进化的模型

摘要

作者研究的益生元进化模型具有以下特征：（1）准物种模型；（2）超周期模型；（3）syser模型。准物种模型由Manfred Eigen提出。该模型描述了可编码遗传信息的RNA大分子种群的进化。在RNA分子繁殖过程中，遗传信息被复制。复制过程中的错误会导致RNA突变。这种种群的进化导致准物种的选择。准种是这样一种分布的RNA链，既包括“最佳RNA”（以最大速度繁殖），又包括相似的RNA链，它们通过突变置换与该最佳RNA略有不同。超周期模型是由Manfred Eigen和Peter Schuster在1970年代后期提出的。超环包括RNA链和氨基酸链，它们执行某些催化功能。两种类型的链均形成大分子协同相互作用的系统。syser模型由Vadim Ratner和Vladimir Shamin提出。期限syser是“自我复制系统”的缩写。系统包括多核苷酸链，复制酶，翻译酶和其他酶/蛋白质。还应注意的是随机相关器模型，与syser模型一样，它表征了对真实生物细胞的某种处理方法。比较了syser模型和随机相关器模型。这项研究表征了所有提到的模型。介绍了模型的简要数学描述以及与模型相对应的计算机仿真的主要结果。