Exposure to toxins through contaminated food is a serious concern. For the detection of toxins in complex matrices, there are many analytical instrumentation-based methods; however, these approaches are generally expensive, laborious to perform, and require skilled technicians. Thus, they can only be utilized in centralized laboratories. To efficiently prevent the contamination by toxins and improve food safety, the use of on-site toxin detection methods enabling simple, rapid, sensitive, specific, reliable, and affordable identification of toxins is required. A colorimetric toxin detection strategy providing a naked-eye readout platform suits these requirements. Notably, the implementation of nanomaterials in the colorimetric strategy has proven to rapidly generate a higher capacity for detectable color responses owing to their unique physicochemical and catalytic properties. In this review, recent research on colorimetric toxin detection utilizing diverse nanostructures including noble metal nanoparticles and enzyme-like catalytic nanomaterials (nanozymes) is reviewed and discussed. Current challenges and future prospects for the utilization of nanomaterials in colorimetric toxin detection are also discussed.

通过受污染的食物接触毒素是一个严重的问题。为了检测复杂基质中的毒素，有许多基于分析仪器的方法。但是，这些方法通常昂贵，执行费力并且需要熟练的技术人员。因此，它们只能在中央实验室中使用。为了有效地防止毒素污染并提高食品安全性，需要使用现场毒素检测方法来实现简单，快速，灵敏，特异，可靠和负担得起的毒素鉴定。提供裸眼读取平台的比色毒素检测策略可满足这些要求。尤其，由于其独特的物理化学和催化特性，在比色策略中实施纳米材料已被证明可迅速产生更高的可检测色响应能力。在这篇综述中，综述和讨论了利用包括贵金属纳米颗粒和酶样催化纳米材料（纳米酶）在内的多种纳米结构进行比色毒素检测的最新研究。还讨论了在比色毒素检测中利用纳米材料的当前挑战和未来前景。