Certificates of sacrifice (libelli) were produced during the so-called persecution of Decius (a.d. 250), which is documented through the testimony of Christian authors and through original certificates preserved on papyrus. The aim of this article is to offer a more detailed perspective on some specific points in the procedure as regards the production of the papyri. Although Decius’ edict did not produce an instant and decisive change in the religious balance of the Empire, the procedure that was put in place nonetheless testifies to the effectiveness of the existing structure, and also to the capacity of the officials to adapt this structure so as to obtain maximum compliance from the population.

中文翻译：

---

论异教献祭证书的形式和内容

牺牲证明书（利贝利) 是在所谓的对 Decius 的迫害期间产生的 (广告. 250），这是通过基督教作者的证词和保存在纸莎草纸上的原始证书记录下来的。本文的目的是就纸莎草纸生产过程中的某些特定点提供更详细的视角。尽管德修斯的法令没有对帝国的宗教平衡产生立即和决定性的改变，但实施的程序仍然证明了现有结构的有效性，也证明了官员调整这种结构的能力以获得最大程度的民众服从。