Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) performed on two-dimensional (2D) materials recently emerged as a powerful tool to study structural and stacking defects, adsorbates, atomic 3D displacements in the layers, and the interlayer distances. The formation of the interference patterns in individual CBED spots of 2D crystals can be considered as a hologram, thus the CBED patterns can be directly reconstructed by conventional reconstruction methods adapted from holography. In this study, we review recent results applying CBED to 2D crystals and their heterostructures: holographic CBED on bilayers with the reconstruction of defects and the determination of interlayer distance, CBED on 2D crystal monolayers to reveal adsorbates, and CBED on multilayered van der Waals systems with moiré patterns for local structural determination.

中文翻译：

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二维晶体的全息会聚电子束衍射 (CBED) 成像

在二维 (2D) 材料上进行的会聚束电子衍射 (CBED) 最近成为研究结构和堆叠缺陷、吸附物、层中原子 3D 位移和层间距离的有力工具。二维晶体单个 CBED 光斑中干涉图案的形成可视为全息图，因此 CBED 图案可以通过传统的全息重建方法直接重建。在这项研究中，我们回顾了将 CBED 应用于 2D 晶体及其异质结构的最新结果：双层上的全息 CBED 与缺陷的重建和层间距离的确定，2D 晶体单层上的 CBED 以揭示吸附物，以及多层范德华系统上的 CBED具有用于局部结构确定的莫尔图案。