Background Daily levels of ambient air pollution and pollen may affect lung function but have rarely been studied together. We investigated short-term exposure to pollen and air pollution in relation to lung function in school-age children from a French population-based birth cohort. Methods This study included 1063 children from the PARIS (Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study) cohort whose lung function and FeNO measurements were performed at age 8 years old. Exposure data were collected up to 4 days before testing. We estimated daily total pollen concentration, daily allergenic risk indices for nine pollen taxa, as well as daily concentrations of three air pollutants (particulate matter less than 10 µm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3)). Children with similar pollen and air pollution exposure were grouped using multidimensional longitudinal cluster analysis. Associations between clusters of pollen and air pollution exposure and respiratory indices (FEV1, FVC, FeNO) were studied using multivariable linear and logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results Four clusters of exposure were identified: no pollen and low air pollution (Cluster 1), grass pollen (Cluster 2), PM10 (Cluster 3) and birch/plane-tree pollen with high total pollen count (Cluster 4). Compared with children in Cluster 1, children in Cluster 2 had significantly lower FEV1 and FVC levels, and children from Cluster 3 had higher FeNO levels. For FEV1 and FVC, the associations appeared stronger in children with current asthma. Additional analysis suggested a joint effect of grass pollen and air pollution on lung function. Conclusion Daily ambient chemical and biological air quality could adversely influence lung function in children. Data are available upon reasonable request.

中文翻译：

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学龄儿童肺功能与短期暴露于空气污染和花粉之间的关系：巴黎队列

背景环境空气污染和花粉的每日水平可能会影响肺功能，但很少被一起研究。我们调查了法国人口出生队列学龄儿童短期接触花粉和空气污染与肺功能的关系。方法 本研究包括来自 PARIS（污染和哮喘风险：婴儿研究）队列的 1063 名儿童，他们在 8 岁时进行了肺功能和 FeNO 测量。最多在测试前 4 天收集暴露数据。我们估计了 9 种花粉类群的每日总花粉浓度、每日过敏风险指数，以及三种空气污染物（小于 10 微米的颗粒物 (PM10)、二氧化氮 (NO2)、臭氧 (O3)）的每日浓度。使用多维纵向聚类分析将具有相似花粉和空气污染暴露的儿童分组。使用针对潜在混杂因素调整的多变量线性和逻辑回归模型研究了花粉簇与空气污染暴露和呼吸指数（FEV1、FVC、FeNO）之间的关联。结 与聚类 1 中的儿童相比，聚类 2 中的儿童的 FEV1 和 FVC 水平显着降低，而聚类 3 中的儿童的 FeNO 水平较高。对于 FEV1 和 FVC，目前哮喘儿童的相关性似乎更强。进一步的分析表明，草花粉和空气污染对肺功能有共同影响。结论 每日环境化学和生物空气质量会对儿童的肺功能产生不利影响。可应合理要求提供数据。