Groundwater is one of the most important sources of drinking water in Kafta Humera Woreda; hence, it is important to assess the quality of these water sources. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in hand-dug well water sources of Kafta Humera Woreda. The results showed that the physicochemical concentrations of the hand-dug well water samples were given as follows: temperature, 27.67 ± 0.15 to 28.30 ± 0.25°C; pH, 6.90 ± 0.33 to 8.20 ± 0.36; dissolved oxygen, 5.60 ± 0.06 to 6.2 ± 0.04 mg/L; turbidity, 1.67 ± 0.02 to 1.89 ± 0.03 NTU; EC, 148.50 ± 0.89 to 932.00 ± 0.98 μS/cm; TDS, 105.80 ± 0.62 to 664.28 ± 0.70 mg/L; total hardness, 71.80 ± 3.05 to 295.30 ± 2.38 mg/L; total alkalinity, 75 ± 5.0 to 215 ± 5.0 mg/L; calcium, 12.02 ± 0.82 to 75.88 ± 0.93 mg/L; magnesium, 9.80 ± 0.80 to 25.70 ± 0.17 mg/L; potassium, 0.130 ± 0.003 to 0.86 ± 0.04 mg/L; sodium, 2.20 ± 0.16 to 12.75 ± 0.87 mg/L; chloride, 12.86 ± 0.02 to 42.72 ± 0.20 mg/L; sulfate, 17.24 ± 0.96 to 118.67 ± 0.46 mg/L; phosphate, 0.018 ± 0.005 to 0.020 ± 0.002 mg/L; and nitrate, 1.86 ± 0.03 to 5.43 ± 0.06 mg/L. Generally, the concentrations of most physicochemical parameters of the hand-dug well water samples of Kafta Humera Woreda were within the permissible limit of World Health Organization and Ethiopian Standard Agency guideline for drinking water. The statistical Pearson’s correlation analysis on the water quality parameters revealed that all parameters are more or less correlated with each other. Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids of the water samples were found to be significantly correlated with total hardness (r = 0.989), total alkalinity (r = 0.827), calcium (r = 0.988), magnesium (r = 0.881), sodium (r = 0.995), potassium(r = 0.996), chloride (r = 0.998), sulfate (r = 1), and nitrate ions (r = 0.972). Out of the selected seven heavy metals, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb, only iron was detected in all water samples and its concentration was above the permissible limit of WHO and ESA for drinking water. Therefore, the government should adopt some treatment technologies such as sedimentation and aeration to minimize the concentration of iron for safe drinking the water to the community of Kafta Humera Woreda.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚提格雷的卡夫塔·乌梅拉·沃雷达手挖井水样品中一些理化参数和重金属的评估

地下水是卡夫塔·乌梅拉·沃雷达（Kafta Humera Woreda）最重要的饮用水来源之一；因此，评估这些水源的质量很重要。这项研究的目的是评估卡夫塔·胡梅拉·沃雷达（Kafta Humera Woreda）手工挖井水源中一些理化参数和重金属的含量。结果表明，手挖井水样品的理化浓度如下：温度27.67±0.15至28.30±0.25℃；pH值为6.90±0.33至8.20±0.36; 溶解氧，5.60±0.06至6.2±0.04 mg / L; 浊度为1.67±0.02至1.89±0.03 NTU; EC，148.50±0.89 932.00到±0.98  μS / cm; TDS，105.80±0.62至664.28±0.70 mg / L; 总硬度71.80±3.05至295.30±2.38 mg / L; 总碱度为75±5.0至215±5.0 mg / L; 钙12.02±0.82至75.88±0.93 mg / L; 镁9.80±0.80至25.70±0.17 mg / L; 钾，0.130±0.003至0.86±0.04 mg / L; 钠，2.20±0.16至12.75±0.87 mg / L; 氯化物，12.86±0.02至42.72±0.20 mg / L; 硫酸盐，17.24±0.96至118.67±0.46 mg / L; 磷酸盐，0.018±0.005至0.020±0.002 mg / L; 硝酸盐为1.86±0.03至5.43±0.06 mg / L。通常，Kafta Humera Woreda的手挖井水样品的大多数理化参数浓度在世界卫生组织和埃塞俄比亚标准局饮用水准则的允许范围内。对水质参数的统计Pearson相关分析显示，所有参数或多或少都相互关联。发现水样品的电导率和总溶解固体与总硬度显着相关（r  = 0.989），总碱度（r  = 0.827），钙（r  = 0.988），镁（r  = 0.881），钠（r  = 0.995），钾（r  = 0.996），氯化物（r  = 0.998），硫酸盐（r r  = 1）和硝酸根离子（r  = 0.972）。在选定的七种重金属（铁，铜，锌，锰，铬，镉和铅）中，仅在所有水样品中检测到铁，并且其浓度超过了饮用水的WHO和ESA的允许极限。因此，政府应采用一些处理技术，例如沉淀和曝气，以尽量减少铁的浓度，以安全地向Kafta Humera Woreda社区供水。